Premonsoon/Postmonsoon Bay of Bengal Tropical Cyclones Intensity: Role of Air‐Sea Coupling and Large‐Scale Background State

Suresh, N.; Lengaigne, Matthieu; Vialard, Jérôme; Samson, Guillaume; Masson, Sébastien; Krishnamohan, K. S.; Suresh, Iyyappan

doi:10.1029/2018gl081132

Cited by 34 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…This high productivity, together with low ventilation, leads to a subsurface depletion of oxygen (oxygen minimum zone, OMZ) that is now expanding and has already led to a dramatic shift in the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal ecosystem (Gomes et al, 2014;Bristow et al, 2017). Excess freshwater input from monsoon rain and river runoff generates strong saline stratification in the Bay of Bengal, inhibiting mixing and influencing oceanic productivity (Prasanna Kumar et al, 2002) and sea surface temperature (SST), which in turn regulate regional climate (Shenoi et al, 2002) and weather extremes (Neetu et al, 2019).…”

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confidence: 99%

A Sustained Ocean Observing System in the Indian Ocean for Climate Related Scientific Knowledge and Societal Needs

et al. 2019

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Sustained Indian Ocean Observing System and societal needs, and a framework for more regional and coastal monitoring. This paper reviews the societal and scientific motivations, current status, and future directions of IndOOS, while also discussing the need for enhanced coastal, shelf, and regional observations. The challenges of sustainability and implementation are also addressed, including capacity building, best practices, and integration of resources. The utility of IndOOS ultimately depends on the identification of, and engagement with, end-users and decision-makers and on the practical accessibility and transparency of data for a range of products and for decision-making processes. Therefore we highlight current progress, issues and challenges related to end user engagement with IndOOS, as well as the needs of the data assimilation and modeling communities. Knowledge of the status of the Indian Ocean climate and ecosystems and predictability of its future, depends on a wide range of socioeconomic and environmental data, a significant part of which is provided by IndOOS.

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A Sustained Ocean Observing System in the Indian Ocean for Climate Related Scientific Knowledge and Societal Needs

et al. 2019

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“…At seasonal timescales, these data demonstrated that thick barrier layers are induced by stronger haline stratification and a deeper thermocline after the monsoon (Thadathil et al 2016). These thick barrier layers contribute to much weaker TC-induced cooling as compared to the pre-monsoon period (Neetu et al 2012(Neetu et al , 2019, fostering post-monsoon TC intensification (Balaguru et al 2012). Similarly, the SCTR is one of the rare oceanic regions where warm SSTs coexist with a shallow thermocline, which can enhance cooling under a TC.…”

Section: Extreme Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While TCs primarily arise from atmospheric processes, they are nonetheless strongly influenced by ocean-atmosphere interactions. The SST cooling under TCs (Vincent et al 2012;Neetu et al 2012) indeed reduces the total enthalpy flux to the atmosphere and hence limits the cyclone intensification (Lengaigne et al 2018;Neetu et al 2019). Ocean-atmosphere interactions may therefore modulate climate variability over a wide range of time and spatial scales and must hence be carefully monitored.…”

Section: Actionable Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2020

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THIS EDITION of Exchanges focuses on the recent decadal review of the Indian Ocean Observing System (IndOOS) and its outcomes. IndOOS was established in 2006 under the visionary leadership of Dr. Gary Meyers (1941-2016), the founding chair of the CLIVAR/IOC-GOOS Indian Ocean Regional Panel (IORP), to address the need for a sustained observing system that consists of a variety of observing platforms to support weather and climate research and prediction. Key founding components of the IndOOS were a tropical basin-wide mooring array-the Research moored Array for African Asian Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction (RAMA)-and a network of repeat expendable bathythermograph (XBT) lines. Broad international participation and support, facilitated and coordinated by the regional GOOS alliance (IO-GOOS) and the IndOOS Resources Forum (IRF), have played a crucial role in maximizing the limited resources available to implement the IndOOS. IndOOS has now passed the 10-year milestone. A full decadal review report has recently been released as the outcome of a three-year review effort led by the IORP co-chairs, Lisa Beal, Jérôme Vialard, and Mathew Koll Roxy, with a writing team comprising more than 60 scientific experts. As highlighted in their article in this issue, the decadal review has generated 136 actionable recommendations and led to a roadmap of an enhanced observing system for the next decade (2020-2030). This second phase, IndOOS-2 (Figure 1, cover page), is designed to meet the current and future societal needs for seamless prediction of Indian Ocean climate and ecosystems across a wide range of timescales, from days to seasons to years to decades to centuries and beyond. Achieving goals of IndOOS-2 will depend critically on capacity building, resource management, regional partnerships, and information sharing. It is becoming more important than ever that the scientific community actively engages with stakeholders, policy makers, and civil society in the Indian Ocean rim countries to build and sustain IndOOS-2, and to address the grand challenges identified by the World Climate Research Program and the societal outcomes envisioned under the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. The main body of this edition is a condensed version of the full IndOOS-2 report, reorganized under five main science themes: natural and anthropogenic warming of the Indian Ocean, monsoon and regional airsea interaction, ocean processes and modelling, physical and biogeochemical processes and interactions, and climate information and prediction across timescales. These themed articles, written by many lead authors of the full report, are meant to provide collective reviews that address the progress made and the gaps that still exist in understanding the complex dynamical and biogeochemical processes in the Indian Ocean, and in improving prediction skills for weather, climate, and ecosystems. The OceanObs'19 (16-21 September 2019, Hawaii) called for new cooperative models for Observing System Governance to better align...

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“…3c). By inhibiting vertical mixing of heat, nutrients, and oxygen this salinity stratification is thought to favor warmer SSTs, which promote monsoon rainfall (Shenoi et al 2002) and more intense cyclones (Sengupta et al 2008;Neetu et al 2019), to reduce oceanic productivity (Prasanna Kumar et al 2002), and to lead to an OMZ in the Bay of Bengal (Sarma et al 2016). The annual-mean westerly winds along the equator in the Indian Ocean damp the equatorial upwelling that is found to the east of other tropical oceans.…”

Section: The Indoos Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%