The urgent task of modern pediatricians and neonatologists is to predict the course of the early neonatal period, during which the basic adaptive mechanisms of newborn children are in an unstable state. This is particularly important for the study of premature newborns, who are at high risk for an unfavorable outcome.Purpose. The aim of this study was to investigate the nature of early neonatal adaptation in children born between 32- and 36-weeks’ gestation, from mothers with burdened obstetric and gynecological histories and concomitant medical conditions.Material and methods. Out of 75 patients, we divided children born against a background of placental abruption and pre-eclampsia into separate groups. We provide a comparative analysis of their obstetric, gynecological, and medical histories, as well as their pre-dictive factors, somatic status dynamics, and laboratory and instrumental examinationsResults. Analysis of the data showed that in late preterm newborns, the presence of placental abruption in the history of 100% of cases led to the development of general somatic distress, with deterioration in hemodynamic and respiratory parameters, requiring transfer to the second phase of care. In children born preterm due to severe preeclampsia or other causes, stable severe conditions were observed in 33.3 and 39.6%, respectively, and 53.9 to 60% of infants required respiratory support.Conclusion. These findings allow for individualized assessment of a newborn’s condition in the first few days of life, based on predictive factors that may lead to a breakdown in compensatory responses.