Preparation and characterisation of atorvastatin and curcumin‐loaded chitosan nanoformulations for oral delivery in atherosclerosis

Abstract

Atorvastatin known to be a potential inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase involved in the synthesis of cholesterol. It is touted as miracle drug due to its profound effect in decreasing the low-density lipoproteins in blood. Unfortunately, the high dosage used poses side-effects relatively in comparison to other statins. On the other hand, curcumin has a diverse therapeutic potential in health and disease. However, the poor aqueous solubility and low bioavailability hinders the therapeutic potential of it when administrated orally. Therefore, it was thought to minimise the frequency of atorvastatin doses to avoid the possibility of drug resistance and also to overcome the limitations of curcumin for desirable therapeutic effects by using nanocarriers in drug delivery. In this investigation, synergistic effect of atorvastatin and curcumin nanocarriers was encapsulated by chitosan polymer. The chitosan nanocarriers prepared by ionic gelation method were characterised for their particle size, zeta potential, and other parameters. The drug-loaded nanocarriers exhibited good encapsulation efficiency (74.25%) and showed a slow and sustained release of atorvastatin and curcumin 60.36 and 61.44%, respectively, in a span of 48 h. The drug-loaded nanocarriers found to be haemocompatible and qualified for drug delivery in atherosclerosis.

Physico-chemical Characterization and Biosafety Evaluation of Atorvastatin Nanocapsules Co-encapsulated with Ginger Oil or Grape Seed Oil

“…The dosing of nanoformulations demonstrated suitable according with other authors [39,40]. In Table 3 we observe that the dosing values of the formulations are 90.29 ± 1.22 to NCAtG and 90.68 ± 1.34 to NCAtU.…”

Linum usitatissimum Delivery over Chitosan Nanobiopolymer: Enhanced Effects on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Condition

“…(ii) Flaxseed lignans, on the other hand, reduce plasma testosterone further by enhancing the SHBG production by the human hepatoblastoma cell line, HepG2 [ 69 ]. As explained above, the phytomolecules' bioavailability, permeability, and safe-guarding are highly valued, which are fulfilled when anchored on chitosan nanoparticles [ 70 ]. This will be useful for some other applications as flaxseed extract is a potential antioxidant, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory agent [ 71 ].…”

Chitosan‐based delivery systems for curcumin: A review of pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic aspects

“…This nanocarrier demonstrated good efficiency of encapsulation (75%) and also release of atorvastatin and curcumin over a 48‐hr period by about 60%. Cur/atorvastatin chitosan NPs indicated hemocompatibility and are suitable for drug delivery in atherosclerosis (J.B., Ramakrishna, & Madhusudhan, ). Although many factors contribute to the pathophysiology of diabetic wounds, chronic inflammation and lack of tissue regeneration lead to an abnormality in wound healing.…”