Preparation and characterisation of gallic acid loaded carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles as drug delivery system for cancer treatment

Abstract

Gallic acid (GA) is a natural phenolic compound with antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anticancer effects. However, the potential of GA as an anticancer agent is restricted by its poor absorption, rapid elimination, and low bioavailability. Nanostructure-drug carriers have opened up a new field in cancer therapy by improving the efficacy of drugs. In this work, we developed a nanoformulation of GA in carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC). The particle size, surface charge and molecular structure of the CMC NPs loaded and unloaded with GA were measured using TEM, DLS and FTIR spectroscopy, respectively. The dielectric parameters (permittivity ε′ and dielectric loss ε″) were measured in the frequency range (0.1 Hz–5 MHz) at room temperature. Additionally, the in-vitro anti-cancer effects of the GA, CMC NPs, and GA-CMC NPs were tested against human colon carcinoma (HCT-116), human breast carcinoma (MCF-7), and normal skin fibroblast cells (BJ1) using MTT assay. TEM confirmed that the NPs have a spherical morphology within the size range of 15 nm. DLS studies revealed NPs with a mean diameter of 31.06 nm. The zeta potential results indicated the high suspension stability of the prepared nanoformulation. The FTIR results indicated the interaction between GA and CMC NPs. The dielectric study showed a decrease within the ε″ and conductivity values of GA-CMC NPs which confirmed the successful encapsulation of GA within the CMC NPs. Cytotoxicity studies indicated that the GA-CMC NPs showed specific toxicity towards cancer cells and non-toxicity to normal cells. Overall, these results indicate that the GA-CMC NPs will be an efficient nanocarrier for delivering gallic acid to cancer cells.

Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles with Optimized Parameters for Targeted Delivery of a Specific Anticancer Drug—A Comprehensive Review

“…The proposed targeting of cancer stem cells should reduce cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. Among other active antitumor agents, gallic acid was successfully loaded in carboxymethyl CS NPs to increase its absorption and bioavailability [ 100 ], while ellagic acid-loaded CS NPs were coated with tween-80 to increase their therapeutic effect against breast cancer [ 101 ].…”

Protective effect of Punica granatum peel extract and its alginate-encapsulated nanoparticles against acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity in rats

“…The ATR FTIR spectra of the Alg-NPs, Alg-PPE NPs and PPE were obtained using an ATR-FTIR (Bruker VERTEX 80, Germany) spectrophotometer associated with Platinum Diamond ATR-disc as an internal reflector. The samples were introduced onto the ATR crystal followed by acquisition of FTIR spectra over the scanning variety of 400-000 cm−1 at a resolution of cm-1 [19] .…”

Stability of soluble honokiol loaded PLGA-PEG nanoparticles under normal and accelerated-aging conditions

“…With a small range of 20-200 nm, nanoparticles easily travel and accumulate inside the interstitial cavity of the tissue to deliver drugs to specific sites that are beneficial in the treatment of diseases including cancer, infections, and gene therapy, as well as diagnostic applications [9,10]. Some studies have been carried out to develop nanosystems of anti-cancer plantderived compounds such as camptothecin [11], garlic acid [12] and honokiol [13][14][15] for cancer treatment, especially honokiol. In a study by Lou et al, honokiol-loaded liposomes were found to demonstrate efficient anti-angiogenesis and inhibition (84%-88% compared to controls) on tumour growth in both cisplatin-sensitive (A2780s) and cisplatinresistant (A2780cp) tumour-bearing mice [13].…”