Preparation and Characterization of a Slime Layer Material Produced by Staphylococcus aureus

Ekstedt, Richard D.; Bernhard, Janet M.

doi:10.3181/00379727-142-36964

Cited by 28 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…The ability of S. aureus to form biofilm is a long known fact [4,5,6,15,31,32,33,37], but the icaADBC gene locus and the polysaccharide PIA/PNSG mediating cellto-cell adhesion was only described recently [9,34]. With tests established for biofilm detection in S. epidermidis, contradictory results were obtained in respect of biofilm formation (0-100% of icaADBC-positive strains) by different investigators.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of different detection methods of biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus

Knobloch

Horstkotte

Rohde

et al. 2002

Medical Microbiology and Immunology

178

114

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The icaADBC gene locus of Staphylococcus aureus and its polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA/PNSG) were recently identified, but biofilm formation has rarely been detected in vitro. In this study we evaluated a tissue culture plate (TCP) assay and a tube test, as well as Congo red agar, using the two basic media trypticase soy broth (TSB) and brain heart infusion (BHI) broth with different sugar supplements for detection of biofilm formation in 128 ica-positive S. aureus isolates. Of the S. aureus strains, 57.1% displayed a biofilm-positive phenotype under optimized conditions in the TCP test. The tube test correlated well with the TCP test for strongly biofilm-producing strains, whereas weak producers were not safely discriminated from biofilm-negative strains. Screening on Congo red agar displayed a strong correlation with the TCP and the tube test for only 3.8%, and is therefore not recommended for investigation of biofilm formation in S. aureus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of different detection methods of biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus

Knobloch

Horstkotte

Rohde

et al. 2002

Medical Microbiology and Immunology

178

114

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“…Different vaccination strategies involving surface polysaccharides have been evaluated for efficacy against staphylococcal mastitis in ruminants, encompassing inactivated bacteria and toxoids [11]; bacteria surrounded by a mucous substance (likely a biofilm matrix) termed a pseudo-capsule [12] or slime [13]; capsular polysaccharide (CP), types CP5, CP8 and CP336 linked to protein carriers [14,15,16]; CP5 co-entrapped in liposomes with alpha-toxin [17]; and a mixture of slime in liposomes, toxoid and different inactivated bacteria [18]. Several field trials with these and other vaccines including bacterin-toxoid [19,20,21], crude extracts of encapsulated bacteria in aluminum hydroxide [22,23], have revealed a significant degree of protection against mastitis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection from Staphylococcus aureus mastitis associated with poly-N-acetyl β-1,6 glucosamine specific antibody production using biofilm-embedded bacteria

Pérez

Prenafeta²,

Valle

et al. 2009

Vaccine

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Staphylococcus aureus vaccines based on bacterins surrounded by slime, surface polysaccharides coupled to protein carriers and polysaccharides embedded in liposomes administered together with non-biofilm bacterins confer protection against mastitis. However, it remains unknown whether protective antibodies are directed to slime-associated known exopolysaccharides and could be produced in the absence of bacterin immunizations. Here, a sheep mastitis vaccination study was carried out using bacterins, crude bacterial extracts or a purified exopolysaccharide from biofilm © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Corresponding author: Beatriz Amorena, e Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, CSIC-Universidad Pública de Navarra-Gobierno de Navarra, 31192 Mutilva Baja, Spain. Phone: +34 948 16 80 06; Fax: + 34 948 23 21 91; bamorena@unavarra.es. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Disclosed potential conflicts of interestDrs. T. Maira-Litran and G.B. Pier declare they have a financial interest in the form of licensing and consulting income for the commercial development of PNAG-based vaccines and immunotherapies related to issued U.S. patents 7,252,828, 7,015,007, 6,743,431, 6,399,066, 5,980,910, and NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript bacteria delivered in different vehicles. This polysaccharide reacted specifically with antibodies to poly-N-acetyl-β-1,6-glucosamine (PNAG) and not with antibodies to other capsular antigens or bacterial components. Following intra-mammary challenge with biofilm-producing bacteria, antibody production against the polysaccharide, milk bacterial counts and mastitis lesions were determined. Bacterins from strong biofilm-producing bacteria triggered the highest production of antibodies to PNAG and conferred the highest protection against infection and mastitis, compared with weak biofilm-producing bacteria and non-cellular inocula. Thus, bacterins from strong biofilm bacteria, rather than purified polysaccharide, are proposed as a cost-efficient vaccination against S. aureus ruminant mastitis.

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“…It is also possible that survival may be greater in nature where lipoteichoic acid is excreted from cells, and the extracellular concentration can be significant, especially within biofilm environments. (Brock and Reiter 1976; Ekstedt and Bernhard 1973; Hussain et al 1991; Hussain et al 1993; Jones et al 2005; Tojo et al 1988) Within biofilms, LTA binds water and forms cell-to-cell contacts. (Hasty et al 1992; Mattsson et al 2004; Weidenmaier et al 2003) The latter event involves a “grappling hook” action that precedes the transfer of cell signaling molecules.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial lipoteichoic acid enhances cryosurvival

et al. 2014

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Antifreeze proteins in fish, plants, and insects provide protection to a few degrees below freezing. Microbes have been found to survive at even lower temperatures, and with a few exceptions, antifreeze proteins are missing. We show that lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a biopolymer in the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria, can be added to B. subtilis cultures and increase freeze tolerance. At 1% w/v, LTA enables a 50% survival rate, similar to the results obtained with 1% w/v glycerol as measured with the resazurin cell viability assay. In the absence of added LTA or glycerol, a very small number of B. subtilis cells survive freezing. This suggests that an innate freeze tolerance mechanism exists. While cryoprotection can be provided by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), our data demonstrate a role for LTA in cryoprotection. Currently, the exact mode of action for LTA cryoprotection is unknown. With a molecular weight of 3-5 kDa, it is unlikely to enter the cell cytoplasm. However, low temperature microscopy data show small ice crystals aligned along channels of liquid water. Our observations suggest that teichoic acids could protect liquid water within biofilms and planktonic bacteria, augmenting the role of brine while also raising the possibility for survival without brine present.

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Preparation and Characterization of a Slime Layer Material Produced by Staphylococcus aureus

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluation of different detection methods of biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus

Evaluation of different detection methods of biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus

Protection from Staphylococcus aureus mastitis associated with poly-N-acetyl β-1,6 glucosamine specific antibody production using biofilm-embedded bacteria

Bacterial lipoteichoic acid enhances cryosurvival

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