Preparation and characterization of a strong solid base from waste eggshell for biodiesel production

Zeng, Danlin; Zhang, Qi; Chen, Shiyuan; Liu, Shenglan; Chen, Yang; Tian, Yuhui; Wang, Guanghui

doi:10.1016/j.jece.2015.01.014

Cited by 26 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The XRD analysis of MS showed the crystalline phase of CaMg(CO) 3 and CaCO 3 with some traces of SiO. After calcination, as shown in Figure , the peaks arising from MS were lost and new crystalline phases of CaO and MgO at 33.92°, 37.11°, and 42.65° appeared in CMS . MS‐derived HAP shows the two significant peaks at 31.02° and 50.61 which give the characteristic of HAP as compared with the HAP standard and literature .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Marble slurry derived hydroxyapatite as heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production from soybean oil

Gupta¹,

Agarwal²,

Dalai

2018

Can J Chem Eng

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In this study, utilization of waste marble slurry (MS) as an eco-friendly and low-cost heterogeneous catalyst is introduced for biodiesel production from soybean oil. Catalytic transesterification reaction was done to convert biodiesel from soybean oil using Marble slurry (MS) derived calcined marble slurry (CMS), and hydroxyapatite (HAP) as a heterogeneous catalyst. Marble slurry derived catalysts were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, and TGA with elemental analysis. Hammett indicator method and ion exchange method were also used to verify catalytic activities of the catalysts. The HAP provided the better biodiesel yield of 94 AE 1 % with the highest basicity (13.30 mmol/g) and basic strength than CMS under optimized reaction conditions: reaction temperature 65 8C; reaction time 3 h; methanol/oil molar ratio 9:1; and catalyst concentration 6 wt%. Reusability tests provide confirmation about the stability of the catalyst and slight fluctuations in catalytic activity and biodiesel yield when used up to five runs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Marble slurry derived hydroxyapatite as heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production from soybean oil

Gupta¹,

Agarwal²,

Dalai

2018

Can J Chem Eng

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“…In contrast, heterogeneous catalysts have been found to be easily separated from reaction mixture, thereby simplifying the production process, leading to their global employment in biodiesel production [11][12][13]. At present, to decrease the synthesis cost of heterogeneous catalysts, various heterogeneous solids derived from waste shells, such as egg shell [14,15], mussel shell [16], scallop shell [17], angel wing shell [18], obtuse horn shell [7] and shrimp shell [19] in which the major active component is CaO, have drawn much attention. However, the deactivation problem caused by leaching of Ca 2+ has been a drawback of CaO-based catalysts [20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The utilization of hydroxyapatite-supported CaO-CeO2 catalyst for biodiesel production

Yan

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2016

Energy Conversion and Management

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The study investigated the effect of a bimetallic supported catalyst in biodiesel production. Calcined waste bone derived hydroxyapatite (HAP), a solid waste from animal, was served as the support for CaO-CeO 2 catalyst. Various characterization techniques such as FT-IR, BET, SEM-EDS, CO 2-TPD and XRD analysis were used to analyse the activity of this heterogeneous catalyst. The effect of main parameters in preparation process such as calcination temperature and active component loading on catalyst performance were discussed to obtain the optimal preparation conditions. Under the optimal reaction conditions (11 wt.% dosage of 30%CaO-CeO 2 /HAP-650 catalyst and 9:1 methanol to oil molar ratio at 65 °C for 3 h) the highest biodiesel yield of 91.84% was obtained. Stability test indicated that the yield (84.4%) of fatty acid methyl ester was produced after 8 re-used cycles due to the low leaching of catalyst components.

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“…In this experiment, the CaO catalyst was impregnated by 10-25 wt% KOH. For this purpose, 10 g of eggshell was impregnated with 30 mL of KOH solution and stirred with a magnetic stirrer for 5 h, dried at 120 • C for 10 h, and calcined at 800 • C for 5 h. Subsequently, the catalysts characterization was carried out [12]. The experiment preparation of the catalyst was carried out at the Energy Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, ITS Surabaya, while the biodiesel produced at the Center of Biomass and Renewable Energy(CBIORE), Diponegoro University.…”

Section: Catalyst Preparation and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Almost all of the samples have four peaks of spectra, namely the OH group from Ca(OH)2 at 3641 cm −1 and 1647 cm −1 ; bands of carbonate ions (CO3 2− ) at 1458, 1057, and 864 cm −1 [9], and a band at 1390 cm −1 in the spectrum of the eggshell-KOH catalyst that was assigned to molecular CO2. Furthermore, the reaction of KOH and CaCO3 to calcination indicated the absence of a peak in the spectrum of the eggshell [12]. Table 1 depicts the chemical composition of KOH-impregnated eggshell at various concentrations, eggshell without impregnation, and CaO impregnation.…”

Section: Characterization Of the Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a previous study, the esterification of soybean oil and methanol catalyzed by CaO derived from eggshell using potassium modification, which produced a biodiesel yield of 99.1%, was investigated. Meanwhile, the transesterification of biodiesel synthesis using commercial CaO with potassium hydroxide (KOH) modification produced a lower biodiesel yield (96.5%) [12]. Hence, it can be stated that eggshell modified with KOH as potassium loading can produce a higher biodiesel yield than commercial CaO with modified KOH.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biodiesel Production from Reutealis Trisperma Oil Using KOH Impregnated Eggshell as a Heterogeneous Catalyst

et al. 2019

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This research paper describes the synthesis of a heterogeneous catalyst (Potassium hydroxide (KOH)-impregnated eggshell) from waste chicken eggshell using the wet impregnation technique. In this experiment, the catalyst was derived from eggshell that was calcined at 800 °C for 5 h. It was impregnated with KOH at various KOH concentrations (10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%). The best catalyst was obtained by eggshell impregnated with 20% KOH concentration. This result was supported by the analysis of the catalyst characterization using Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), which showed that the catalyst contained CaCO3 and CaOH groups. X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) was also used to analyze the types of mineral contained in the catalyst, including calcium, potassium, sulfur, and other impurities. It revealed that the optimum minerals were found in the KOH-impregnated eggshell (20%) catalyst of 94.42% calcium, 5.06% potassium, and a small amount of other impurities. These optimum minerals serve as active sites to increase the biodiesel yield. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the catalyst samples appear as small, spherical, homogenous, and solid particles. The catalytic activity was investigated by the transesterification of Reutalism trisperma oil in various types of catalyst (KOH-impregnated eggshell, eggshell, and KOH-impregnated CaO), percentages of catalyst loading (weight of 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 10%) and molar ratios (methanol to oil of 6:1, 8:1, 10:1, 12:1, and 15:1) for 60 min at 60 °C. The result indicated the optimum catalyst loading was 5 wt% with an 84.57% biodiesel yield. While the best molar ratio was 12:1 (methanol:oil) with a 97.95% biodiesel yield. The optimum condition was gained using a molar ratio of 12:1, 5 wt% catalyst loading, and KOH-impregnated eggshell with a 94% biodiesel yield.

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Preparation and characterization of a strong solid base from waste eggshell for biodiesel production

Cited by 26 publications

References 26 publications

Marble slurry derived hydroxyapatite as heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production from soybean oil

Marble slurry derived hydroxyapatite as heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production from soybean oil

The utilization of hydroxyapatite-supported CaO-CeO2 catalyst for biodiesel production

Biodiesel Production from Reutealis Trisperma Oil Using KOH Impregnated Eggshell as a Heterogeneous Catalyst

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