Preparation and characterization of baicalein powder micronized by the SEDS process

Solution-enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids: an ecofriendly nanonization approach for processing biomaterials and pharmaceutical compounds

“…1 Among all the SAS-based particle fabrication techniques available, the SEDS process holds numerous advantages such as production of ultrafine particles with a narrow and uniform particle size distribution enhancing the dissolution rates of the APIs, high yields of polymer-based micro-and nano-sized composites, minimal agglomeration of particles, acceptable limits of residual solvents when operated at a reduced drying time, and ease of polymer coating over various particulate forms of APIs resulting in core-shell composites with sustained drug release ability, among others. [47][48][49][50] Moreover, this process is highly suitable for operating the water-soluble compounds by spraying the aqueous solutions along with the organic solvent separately through a coaxial three-compartment nozzle. 10,[51][52][53][54][55] However, there still exist some problems such as small processing capacity and easy blockage of the nozzle.…”

“…The selection process primarily depends on the solubility of the solute (polymer/ drug) in the solvent and its compatibility with the SCF. In a few instances, a combination of solvents such as acetone/ DMSO 59 and DCM/DMSO 47,59 is also used at a determined ratio, such that one of them is highly volatile to induce significant volume of expansion and easy removal and the other solvent enhances the solubility of a solute. 68 Moreover, it should be noted that the solvent selection is also based on the ratiometric solubility of polymer with the drug, because the drug should precipitate earlier for its encapsulation in the polymer.…”

“…75 In this context, some solvents may result in a reduced yield of the end product due to the following reasons: 1) the high viscosity of the solvent that leads to inadequate diffusion between the solvent and the anti-solvent and 2) the high solubility of a solute in the solvent leading to difficulty in its precipitation at a low concentration. 47 To overcome this limitation, high saturation is achieved by using a non-solvent at a low concentration of the solute. Thus, the solute can rapidly precipitate and lead to micro-/nano-sized particles with uniform size distribution.…”

Recrystallization and Production of Spherical Submicron Particles of Sulfasalazine Using a Supercritical Antisolvent Process

“…Because of the advantages of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), namely its nontoxicity, nonflammability, environmental friendliness, and mild supercritical conditions, CO 2 is recognized as a green solvent and is commonly used in the SAS process. In the literature, the SAS process has been demonstrated to be superior to the conventional crystallization process for the modification of the solid-state properties of pharmaceutical and biological compounds, such as baicalein, curcumin, palmitoylethanolamide, quercetin, β-carotene, ellagic acid, etoposide, indomethacin, mangiferin, rutin, tetracycline, aescin, carbamazepine, curcumin, gefitinib, levofloxacin, primidone, warfarin, and naringenin [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. Using SAS, crystals with sizes in the range of microns to nanometers, regular crystal habit, and narrow size distribution can be produced.…”

Cefquinome Controlled Size Submicron Particles Precipitation by SEDS Process Using Annular Gap Nozzle

“…Solution enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids (SEDS) process is an important branch method of SCF process [12]. SEDS process can deal with the drug insoluble in water and control easily the particle size of drug [13]. It has been suggested that jet breakup in spray process is a controlling factor in SEDS process [14].…”