Preparation and characterization of boron-containing polyurethane foams with carbazole

Lubczak, Renata; Szczęch, Dominik; Broda, Daniel; Szymańska, Agata; Wojnarowska-Nowak, Renata; Kus‐Liśkiewicz, Małgorzata; Lubczak, Jacek

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2018.07.027

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Renata Lubczak et al [ 243 ] produced boron-containing PUFs using oligoetherol as a reactive retardant, and the results showed a high oxygen index (24.7%) and high thermal resistance. Moreover, these materials showed good mechanical resistance before and after annealing at 175 °C.…”

Section: Polyurethane Foams Applications and Enhancement Of Propermentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyurethane Foams: Past, Present, and Future

2018

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Polymeric foams can be found virtually everywhere due to their advantageous properties compared with counterparts materials. Possibly the most important class of polymeric foams are polyurethane foams (PUFs), as their low density and thermal conductivity combined with their interesting mechanical properties make them excellent thermal and sound insulators, as well as structural and comfort materials. Despite the broad range of applications, the production of PUFs is still highly petroleum-dependent, so this industry must adapt to ever more strict regulations and rigorous consumers. In that sense, the well-established raw materials and process technologies can face a turning point in the near future, due to the need of using renewable raw materials and new process technologies, such as three-dimensional (3D) printing. In this work, the fundamental aspects of the production of PUFs are reviewed, the new challenges that the PUFs industry are expected to confront regarding process methodologies in the near future are outlined, and some alternatives are also presented. Then, the strategies for the improvement of PUFs sustainability, including recycling, and the enhancement of their properties are discussed.

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Section: Polyurethane Foams Applications and Enhancement Of Propermentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyurethane Foams: Past, Present, and Future

2018

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“…Various materials (e.g., boron, borax, boric acid, and clay) may be used as flame retardants. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26] BA is a cost-effective and non-toxic chemical that can form strong hydrogen bonds with starch and enhance its water and thermal stability. 27 Flame retardant PUFs can be produced by mixing and reacting one or more active hydrogens, an organic polyisocyanate, and an acidic boron compounds with polyol-a low molecular weight compound-in the presence of an organo-metal urethane catalyst.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of chemical structure, mechanical properties and combustion resistance of polyurethane doped with boric acid

Kaya

2021

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials

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The low fire resistance property of pristine polyurethane (PU) restricts its areas of usage in domestic applications and especially in the furniture industry. Therefore, PU based materials should be non-flammable besides having favorable mechanical and chemical properties. In this study, boric acid (BA) was added to the polyurethane foam as fire retardant. The effect of amount of BA (5%, 10%, and 15% (w/w)) on fire retardancy was examined. The thermal properties and the surface morphology of the structures were investigated. The amount of BA affected surface morphology. It was observed that BA affects the density and compressive strength in three directions with the physical change it causes in the cell structure. In the X-ray diffraction analysis of the unmodified hard polyurethane and the hard polyurethanes containing BA at different amounts (5%, 10%, and 15% (w/w)), the peaks were observed to appear in three different groups. The thermal stability of the rigid PU treated with BA was investigated via thermogravimetric analysis and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) analysis. The electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) was measured via a system consisting of two anechoic boxes and receiving and transmitting antennas. Four different temperature zones were observed when examining the thermal behavior via differential scanning calorimetry. Single source flame test, UL94 test and cone calorimeter tests were performed to determine the ignition property of BA doped PU. It was determined that BA is a better fire retardant than other chemicals also for the low toxicity of the combustion products formed.

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“…High density PU was obtained by the reaction between isocyanate and polyol. It can be stated about the BPU that higher density materials will also provide greater mechanical strength [26]. Generally, the density of the foam is directly proportional to the mechanical resistance of the foam.…”

Section: Microstructural Characterizationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the ATR/FTIR spectrum of BA, hydroxyl (-OH) stretching vibration of 3180 cm -1 is clearly visible. In general, the wavenumbers at 1726 and 2275 cm -1 belong to stretching of C=O and C=N=O bond vibrations in PU structure, respectively [26,34,35]. It has been determined that there are amine (-N-H) stretching bands in the range of 3100-3450 cm -1 proving the formation of urethane segments.…”

Section: Microstructural Characterizationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, characterization and investigation of thermal, mechanical and antibacterial properties of boric acid-incorporated polyurethane foams

et al. 2021

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In this study, a novel boric acid-incorporated polyurethane (BPU) foam was synthesized and its several physical and biological properties were investigated. In order to determine the effect of the incorporated boric acid (BA) particles into the foam, mechanical and physical properties (apparent density, contact angle), analytical (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry), morphological (scanning electron microscopy (SEM), micro-computed tomography), thermal characteristics (thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry) and antibacterial activity were examined. The addition of BA particles to the PU foam improved the thermal and mechanical properties, as BA strengthened the polymeric structure through hydrogen bonds with PU. Mechanical analyses and contact angle measurements revealed that the BPU foam demonstrated better mechanical properties (94.0 kPa) and higher hydrophobicity values (108.52°) with respect to PU foam (52.9 kPa and 37.35°, respectively). According to microscopy analyses, micro-CT images confirmed SEM images in which PU foam has an open cell structure, whereas BPU foam has a closed cell structure. The antibacterial activity test results demonstrate that incorporation of BA to the PU structure significantly improved the antibacterial properties of the PU foam against both of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This study suggests that the addition of BA into PU structure enhanced the antibacterial activities of PU foam while improving its physical, mechanical and thermal properties. As a result, BA incorporation should be classified as a promising alternative to improve the properties of PU foams.

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Preparation and characterization of boron-containing polyurethane foams with carbazole

Cited by 17 publications

References 19 publications

Polyurethane Foams: Past, Present, and Future

Polyurethane Foams: Past, Present, and Future

Determination of chemical structure, mechanical properties and combustion resistance of polyurethane doped with boric acid

Synthesis, characterization and investigation of thermal, mechanical and antibacterial properties of boric acid-incorporated polyurethane foams

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