Preparation and characterization of Ce doped ZnO nanomaterial for photocatalytic and biological applications

Pathak, Trilok K.; Coetsee, E.; Swart, H.C.; Swart, Chantel W.; Kroon, R.E.

doi:10.1016/j.mseb.2020.114780

Cited by 71 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Higher concentrations of Ce could produce the accumulation of Ce atoms in or near the boundary of ZnO NPs, resulting in a decreased diffusion rate, which prevents the growth of NPs, so that the CS decreases gradually. This phenomenon has also been observed in other studies [17,18]. Based on XRD data, the lattice parameters have been calculated from 1/d(hkl) 2 = [(h 2 + k 2 + hk)/a 2 ] + l 2 /c 2 , where dhkl is the inter-planar distance, (hkl) are the Miller indexes and 'a' and 'c' are lattice constants.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

“…The spectra consist of the convolution of the different bands, hence small changes in the relative intensity might be difficult to appreciate in the spectra, but can be more clearly appreciated from the perceived color. Compared with the pure ZnO sample, the high energy component of the UV emission band in the CZO samples shows a lower intensity [18]. In particular, the lowest intensity corresponds to the sample with 3.24 atomic% Ce.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Such prospects have led to extensive studies of many aspects of Ce-doped ZnO (CZO), motivated by the interest in generating new and unique technologies for manufacturing high-quality doped nanomaterials to obtain enhanced catalysts. Due to the attractive properties and potential applications of CZO nanoparticles (NPs), a variety of preparation techniques have been reported, notable examples include, the electrospinning method [12], sonochemical synthesis [13], microwave-assisted synthesis [14], the combustion method [15], the vapor-solid method [16], the sol-gel method [17][18][19], the magnetron sputtering method [20], and many others [21][22][23][24]. However, most of the reported methods are time-consuming, require complicated equipment with expensive chemical precursors, and operate only under particular and controlled reaction conditions such as pH, growth time, concentration, atmosphere, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ZnO Nanoparticles with Controllable Ce Content for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of MB Synthesized by the Polyol Method

et al. 2021

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This paper reports on the synthesis of Ce-doped ZnO (CZO) nanoparticles (NPs) by an alternative polyol method at low temperature. The method, facile and rapid, uses acetate-based precursors, ethylene glycol as solvent, and polyvinylpyrrolidone as capping agent. The effects of the Ce-doping concentration (ranging from 0 to 8.24 atomic%) on the structural, morphological, compositional, optical, luminescence, and photocatalytic properties of the NPs were investigated by several techniques. The structural findings confirmed that the CZO NPs have a typical hexagonal wurtzite-type structure with a preferred orientation along the (101) plane. The results obtained by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) revealed that the NPs size decreased (from ~30 to ~16 nm) with an increase in the Ce-doping concentration. Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and High Resolution Transmission Microscopy (HRTEM) results confirmed the incorporation of Ce ions into the ZnO lattice. Ce-doping influences the photoluminescence (PL) emission compared to that of pure ZnO. The PL emission is related to the presence of different kinds of defects, which could take part in charge transfer and/or trapping mechanisms, hence playing an essential role in the photocatalytic activity (PCA). In fact, in this work we report an enhancement of PCA as a consequence of Ce-doping. In this sense, the best results were obtained for samples doped with 3.24 atomic%, that exhibited a photocatalytic degradation efficiency close to 99% after 60 min ultraviolet (UV) illumination, thus confirming the viability of Ce-doping for environmental applications.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ZnO Nanoparticles with Controllable Ce Content for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of MB Synthesized by the Polyol Method

et al. 2021

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“…The band gap (Eg) was estimated using the Kubelka-Munk equation (αhν) 0.5 = A (hν−Eg); where Eg is the band gap energy, h is Planck's constant, A is the constant, and α the absorption coefficient, respectively. [34] The absorbance spectra demonstrated that the 1%Ce-doped ZnO sample possess a broad absorption tail band at wavelengths 400-600 nm. The Eg value estimated for HC-1%Ce@ZnO sample is 2.59 eV, much lower compared with Ce-doped ZnO synthesized by different methods.…”

Section: Structure and Surface Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Green synthesis of Ce‐doped ZnO nanoparticles using Hedyotis capitellata Leaf extract for efficient photocatalytic degradation of Methyl Orange

Nguyen-Hong

Luu

Doan

2021

Vietnam Journal of Chemistry

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This work presents a green route to synthesize single phase Ce‐doped ZnO nanoparticles using Hedyotis capitellata leaf extract (HC‐Ce@ZnO) as an effective reactant. The phase composition and crystalline nature of HC‐Ce@ZnO with various weight% Ce‐doping concentrations were examined by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) method. The organic functional groups that played the key role in the transformation of Zn2+ into ZnO were recognized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image revealed that HC‐Ce@ZnO nanoparticles were mainly spherical with the diameter of 2‐6 nm. The biosynthesized HC‐Ce@ZnO nanoparticles were then applied for the treatment of methyl orange (MO) using UV‐Vis measurement. It's been found that Ce3+ ions were easily incorporated into ZnO crystal lattice to form single crystals of Ce@ZnO. The optimal 1 %Ce‐doped ZnO nanoparticles can remove 92 % MO within 240 min under irradiation of visible light. The study on photocatalytic degradation kinetics showed that the reaction has pseudo first‐order nature with the rate constant k = 0.0133 min‐1.

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“…Connected to this uncertainty aspect, in the following we will show the different suggested working mechanisms for the Ce-doped ZnO material, critically discussing the various options proposed in the literature. As summarized in Table 2, Ce-modified ZnO has been used for the degradation of a large variety of classical and emerging pollutants in wastewater, including dyes such as methylene blue [84,[89][90][91]95,96,107,110,[116][117][118][119] and rhodamine [88,103,113,120], pharmaceuticals such as ibuprofen and paracetamol [121] and industrial contaminants like bisphenol-A [83,85,87] and acesulfame-K [105]; moreover, the photodegradation of a class of medical diagnostic agents such as X ray contrast agents (ICM) has been also reported [108]. As often happens in manuscripts dealing with photocatalytic applications, the parameters affecting the final photocatalytic ability differ from one investigation to another, making the evaluation and the comparison of the performance of different materials really difficult.…”

Section: Ce-doped Znomentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerium-, Europium- and Erbium-Modified ZnO and ZrO2 for Photocatalytic Water Treatment Applications: A Review

et al. 2021

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In the last decades photocatalysis has become one of the most employed technologies for the implementation of the so-called Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) for the removal of harmful pollutants from wastewaters. The materials identified as the best photocatalysts are transition metal oxides, in which the band structure allows charge carrier separation upon solar irradiation. The photoinduced charge carrier can thus cause oxidative and reductive redox reactions at the surface, inducing the formation of the radical species able to initiate the AOPs. Despite the great advantages of this process (non-toxic, cheap and environmentally clean), the main drawback lies in the fact that the most efficient semiconductors are only able to absorb UV irradiation, which accounts for only 5% of the total solar irradiation at the Earth’s surface and not enough to generate the required amount of electron-hole pairs. On the other hand, many efforts have been devoted to the sensitization of wide band gap transition metal oxides to visible light, which represents a higher percentage (almost 45%) in the solar electromagnetic spectrum. Among all the strategies to sensitize transition metal oxides to visible irradiation, doping with lanthanides has been less explored. In this regard, lanthanides offer a unique electronic configuration, consisting in 4f orbitals shielded by a 5s5p external shell. This occurrence, coupled with the different occupation of the localized 4f orbitals would provide an astounding opportunity to tune these materials’ properties. In this review we will focus in depth on the modification of two promising photocatalytic transition metal oxides, namely ZnO and ZrO2, with cerium, europium and erbium atoms. The aim of the work is to provide a comprehensive overview of the influence of lanthanides on the structural, optical and electronic properties of the modified materials, emphasizing the effect of the different 4f orbital occupation in the three considered doping atoms. Moreover, a large portion of the discussion will be devoted to the structural-properties relationships evidencing the improved light absorption working mechanism of each system and the resulting enhanced photocatalytic performance in the abatement of contaminants in aqueous environments.

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Preparation and characterization of Ce doped ZnO nanomaterial for photocatalytic and biological applications

Cited by 71 publications

References 41 publications

ZnO Nanoparticles with Controllable Ce Content for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of MB Synthesized by the Polyol Method

ZnO Nanoparticles with Controllable Ce Content for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of MB Synthesized by the Polyol Method

Green synthesis of Ce‐doped ZnO nanoparticles using Hedyotis capitellata Leaf extract for efficient photocatalytic degradation of Methyl Orange

Cerium-, Europium- and Erbium-Modified ZnO and ZrO2 for Photocatalytic Water Treatment Applications: A Review

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