2021
DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2021.774783
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Preparation and Characterization of Cellulose Nanocrystal Extraction From Pennisetum hydridum Fertilized by Municipal Sewage Sludge via Sulfuric Acid Hydrolysis

Abstract: This research focuses on the preparation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from Pennisetum hydridum fertilized by municipal sewage sludge (MSS) through sulfuric acid hydrolysis in different acid concentrations (40–65%), temperature (room temperature ∼55°C), and reaction time (50–120 min). The results showed that the obtained CNC possessed stable dispersion in water. The length of CNCs reached 272.5 nm under the condition of room temperature (RT), 65% acid concentration, and 120 min reaction time, and the diamet… Show more

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Cited by 30 publications
(18 citation statements)
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“…The temperature, reaction time, and sulfuric acid mass fraction affect the hydrolysis efficiency. Yu et al explain this dependence in their work [ 48 ]. The reaction yield of the obtained nanocrystalline cellulose was 32 and 39% for cellulose fibrils and microcrystalline cellulose, respectively.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The temperature, reaction time, and sulfuric acid mass fraction affect the hydrolysis efficiency. Yu et al explain this dependence in their work [ 48 ]. The reaction yield of the obtained nanocrystalline cellulose was 32 and 39% for cellulose fibrils and microcrystalline cellulose, respectively.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…From Figure 2a, the appearance of new peaks at 874 and 811 cm -1 was only observed in the nanocellulose sample representing C-O-SO 3 group vibration, attributed to the presence of sulfonate esters on the nanocellulose surface during sulphuric acid hydrolysis [45,46]. Several other bands related to sulfonate esters were also reported in the literature ranging from 1350 to 750 cm -1 [45].…”
Section: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopymentioning
confidence: 54%
“…From Figure 2a, the appearance of new peaks at 874 and 811 cm -1 was only observed in the nanocellulose sample representing C-O-SO 3 group vibration, attributed to the presence of sulfonate esters on the nanocellulose surface during sulphuric acid hydrolysis [45,46]. Several other bands related to sulfonate esters were also reported in the literature ranging from 1350 to 750 cm -1 [45]. Due to the increase in the surface area of nanocellulose compared to viscose, it was expected that the peak intensity around 3330 cm -1 should be higher for nanocellulose because of more free hydroxyls (-OH) at the surface.…”
Section: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The peaks at 1731 and 1250 cm –1 completely disappeared for the treated fiber to extract crystalline CNFs, demonstrating that hemicellulose and lignin were successfully washed out during bleaching and hydrolysis of raw cotton. Additionally, a band at 1373 cm –1 is attributed to the twisting vibration of C–H in the aromatic ring, and a band at 896 cm –1 belongs to the symmetric stretching of the glycosidic linkage, which had been reduced in intensity for CNFs. , …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%