Preparation and Characterization of Ceramic Hollow Microspheres for Heavy Metal Ion Removal in Wastewater

Production of Si3N4porous beads via carbothermal reduction and nitridation technique

“…Ceramic and composite spheres can be used for various applications in biomedical areas such as hard tissue regeneration, cement, drug delivery, delivery of antibiotics, protein delivery, bioreactors, and can be used as filler or packing materials in many biomedical applications [41]. Also, these porous ceramic spheres can be used for numerous applications such as insulation, radiant burners, catalyst support, adsorption-separation, solar cells, filters, sensing devices, wastewater treatment, energy storage, pigments, coatings, thermostable materials, and as reinforcement for foams for the structural applications [42][43][44][45][46]. These micro and nano-ceramic spheres have been used in many industrial applications in combination with different types of materials.…”

Preparation of hollow silica spheres with different mesostructures

“…Pores in the hollow shells can be a path for guest substances going inside or/and out of the hollows, allowing the hollow spheres to be applied in fields of adsorption, separation, catalysis, micro-reactor, capsule, etc. [3][4][5][6]. It is also demonstrated that the hollow spheres may possess unique mechanical, acoustical, optical, electromagnetic and thermal properties [7][8][9], making the hollow spheres attractive as novel advanced functional materials.…”

Hollow Alumina Microsphere Chain Networks

“…H ollow structures have attracted extensive recent attention due to their widespread applications in catalysts, 1,2 sorbents, 3 electronic devices, 4 drug delivery and release systems, 5,6 molecular filtration, 7 and biomaterials 8 . Alumina is one of the most important ceramic materials due to its unique properties such as high stiffness and strength, excellent thermal and chemical stability, and peculiar to strength retention at high temperature 9 .…”