Preparation and characterization of chlorhexidine modified zinc-kaolinite and its antibacterial activity against bacteria isolated from water vending machine

Isah, Mustapha; Asraf, Muhammad Hariz; Malek, Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik; Jemon, Khairunadwa; Sani, Nor Suriani; Muhammad, Mustapha Salisu; Abdul‐Wahab, Mohd Firdaus; Saidin, Mohammad Abdul Razis

doi:10.1016/j.jece.2019.103545

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This decision was consistent with the emerging sustainability implementations by retailers (Dagilien_ e et al, 2022) which positively impact retail equity (S anchez-Gonz alez et al, 2022). Although, from a microbiological standpoint, studies have discussed product safety (Raposo et al, 2015) and the reliability of different methods for cleaning water in vending machines (Isah et al, 2020), scholars have not addressed the extent to which consumers appreciate the quality of purified hot beverages or whether the installation of such systems would significantly increase sales for vending operators.…”

Section: Figure 1 Structural Elements Of the Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the whole greater than the sum of its parts? A vending retail study

Stoyanov

2022

IJRDM

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PurposeThis study aims to identify which elements of the vending marketing mix are the main sources of competitive advantage for the industry, how they impact vending profitability, and what are their related synergistic effects.Design/methodology/approachA full factorial experiment was developed to determine the effect of eight marketing mix scenarios on the profitability of a new vending channel in a French university library and assess the synergistic effects among three elements of a marketing mix (i.e. product quality, payment system, internal location) identified in a focus group as new sources of industry competitive advantage.FindingsAlthough the main effects of product quality and payment system were weak-to-modest and insignificant, their interaction effect significantly impacted the daily net profit of the vending channel and generated the highest net synergy. The results partially challenge the marketing synergy axiom as internal location separately had a stronger impact on profitability than product quality and higher-order interaction effects do not necessarily translate into higher synergistic effects.Research limitations/implicationsThis research was conducted in a real-life setting and has its limitations, which future researchers can overcome by extending the temporal, geographic and product scope of the study.Originality/valueThe distinction that we introduced between gross and net synergy allowed us to partially challenge the prevailing marketing mix assumption that synergy is always positive (i.e. that a vending retailer can achieve synergy by selecting a combination of marketing mix elements instead of relying on them separately). Moreover, by demonstrating that marketing synergy is not a uni- but a bi-dimensional concept, we provide vending retailers with a better methodological understanding of why they may have already fallen into the synergy trap and how to avoid it in the future.

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Section: Figure 1 Structural Elements Of the Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the whole greater than the sum of its parts? A vending retail study

Stoyanov

2022

IJRDM

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“…Because of this characteristic, these minerals were used as a carrier system for not only a single antibacterial agent but also two or more antibacterial agents and compounds, creating hybrid organic-inorganic antibacterial agents. Examples of hybrid organic-inorganic antibacterial agents are natural kaolinite-loaded chlorhexidine and zinc ions [4], amine-functionalized silver-loaded zeolite Y [5,6], and natural zeolites for silver ions and surfactants [7]. Previous reports showed that the attachment of organic compounds (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous reports showed that the attachment of organic compounds (i.e. chlorhexidine, surfactant) on metal-loaded kaolinite and zeolites improved the antibacterial activity because there are synergistic effects between organic and inorganic antibacterial agents in a carrier system [4][5][6][7]. Furthermore, this could also reduce the number of used metal ions acting as an antibacterial agent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial Activity of Amine-Functionalized Silver-Loaded Natural Zeolite Clinoptilolite

Malek¹,

Hanim²

2021

Sci. Lett.

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The antibacterial activity of amine-functionalized silver-loaded natural zeolite clinoptilolite was analysed against Gram-negative Escherichia coli ATCC 11229 and a comparison was made with raw clinoptilolite, silver-loaded clinoptilolite, and amine-functionalized clinoptilolite with APTES (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane. Results from the characterization of the samples using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed that the silver-loaded clinoptilolite was functionalized with APTES without affecting the original framework structure of the clinoptilolite. The antibacterial activity of the analysed samples based on disc diffusion technique (DDT) and minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) showed that the silver-loaded clinoptilolite (150 % of cation exchange capacity of clinoptilolite) had the highest antibacterial activity, as compared to amine-functionalized silver-loaded zeolite. This study showed that the functionalization of silver-loaded clinoptilolite could affect the release and action of silver ions to kill or inhibit bacterial growth. However, it showed that the natural zeolite clinoptilolite could become a good carrier system for the antibacterial metal ion, especially silver ions. Keywords: Zeolite, clinoptilolite, antibacterial agent, silver, amine-functionalization

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“…In the presence of humid and warm conditions, the unicellular bacteria will grow randomly if provided with nutrients [1]. The growth of bacteria can be restricted by using inorganic, organic and organo-metallic compounds such as copper, silver, titanium, and zinc [2][3][4][5][6] that can be made useful without affecting toxic to surrounding tissues. The antimicrobial agents used in the industry are mostly chemically modified natural agents like β-lactams (like penicillin) and cephalosporin or carbapenems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of Sn-doped TiO2 film for antibacterial applications

et al. 2021

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Simple sol-gel method has been exploited to deposit Sn-doped TiO 2 thin films on glass substrates. The resultant coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible techniques (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and photoluminescence analysis (PL). The XRD pattern reveals an increase in crystallite size of the prepared samples with the increasing doping concentration. A decrease in doping concentrating resulted in the decrease in bandgap values. The different chemical bonds on these films were identified from their FTIR spectra. The photoluminescence analysis shows an increase in the emission peak intensity with increasing dopant concentration, and this can be attributed to the effect created due to surface states. The prepared samples were tested as antibacterial agent toward both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria like S.aureus (Staphylococcus aureus) and E.coli (Escherichia coli), respectively. The size of the inhibition zones indicates that the sample shows maximum inhibitory property toward E.coli when compared to S.aureus.

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Preparation and characterization of chlorhexidine modified zinc-kaolinite and its antibacterial activity against bacteria isolated from water vending machine

Cited by 10 publications

References 31 publications

Is the whole greater than the sum of its parts? A vending retail study

Is the whole greater than the sum of its parts? A vending retail study

Antibacterial Activity of Amine-Functionalized Silver-Loaded Natural Zeolite Clinoptilolite

Synthesis and characterization of Sn-doped TiO2 film for antibacterial applications

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