Preparation and characterization of EPDM/silica composites prepared through non-hydrolytic sol-gel method in the absence and presence of a coupling agent

Mokhothu, T. H.; Luyt, A. S.; Messori, Massimo

doi:10.3144/expresspolymlett.2014.83

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…A sol fraction extraction study was performed on the reactive blended specimens using a procedure at references . At least 3 rectangular specimens for each composition were accurately weighed (W 1 ) and placed into 50 mL of toluene under gentle shacking at room temperature to swell and extract the unreacted PS and rubbers.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 64%

“…superior breaking stress of PS (50 MPa) compared with PS/rubber10 blends(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32) reflected the brittleness of the polymer, which did not reach its yield point under the testing conditions used here.The elongation at break of the studied blends progressively increased, while elastic Young's modulus monotonically decreased. To distinguish the curves of the blends, the highest amount of yield stress and extension is seen for PS/COPOLY sample.…”

mentioning

confidence: 86%

“…A sol fraction extraction study was performed on the reactive blended specimens using a procedure at references. 1,25,26 At least 3 rectangular…”

Section: Gel Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New high impact polystyrene: Use of poly(1‐hexene) and poly(1‐hexene‐co‐hexadiene) as impact modifiers

Nazari

Bahri‐Laleh

Nekoomanesh‐Haghighi

et al. 2018

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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In this study, polystyrene (PS) was melt blended with different amounts of poly1‐hexene (PH) and poly(1‐hexene‐co‐hexadiene) (COPOLY) and the blends were compared with conventional PS/polybutadiene (PS/PB) one. Scanning electron microscope revealed that the dispersion of PH and COPOLY in PS matrix was more uniform with the appearance of small particles in PS matrix; however, in the case of PS/PB blends, the fracture surface showed nonhomogenous morphology with the appearance of bigger rubber particles. Based on Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis results, Tg of the blends decreased in comparison with it in neat PS. Impact strength of PS/PH and PS/COPOLY blends was considerably higher than that in PS/PB and significantly higher than the value for neat PS. Tensile test showed substantial improvement in stress at yield and better elongation at break for COPOLY containing blend than the samples containing PH and PB rubbers. Also, blending of PS with 10% of the rubbers was considered in the presence of dicumylperoxide as a probable grafting/cross‐linking agent to produce XPS/COPOLY10 and XPS/PB10 samples, respectively. IR results of the nonsoluble solvent extracted gel showed that COPOLY and PB were grafted to PS matrix during melt blending, which caused higher impact strength in the related samples.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 64%

mentioning

confidence: 86%

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New high impact polystyrene: Use of poly(1‐hexene) and poly(1‐hexene‐co‐hexadiene) as impact modifiers

Nazari

Bahri‐Laleh

Nekoomanesh‐Haghighi

et al. 2018

Polymers for Advanced Techs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Therefore, these methods are somewhere between HSG and NHSG approach similar to the application of carboxylic acids in NHSG. However this method proved to be successful in the synthesis of amorphous mixed metal oxides [132][133][134][135][136][137][138][139][140][141][142][143]. Alcohols (and silanols) can also react with Si-H groups providing hybrid porous materials or building blocks based on Si-O-Si and Si-O-C bonds (condensation catalyzed by Et 2 NOH) [117,144,145].…”

Section: Alcohols In Nhsgmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Power of Non-Hydrolytic Sol-Gel Chemistry: A Review

et al. 2017

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This review is devoted to non-hydrolytic sol-gel chemistry. During the last 25 years, non-hydrolytic sol-gel (NHSG) techniques were found to be attractive and versatile methods for the preparation of oxide materials. Compared to conventional hydrolytic approaches, the NHSG route allows reaction control at the atomic scale resulting in homogeneous and well defined products. Due to these features and the ability to design specific materials, the products of NHSG reactions have been used in many fields of application. The aim of this review is to present an overview of NHSG research in recent years with an emphasis on the syntheses of mixed oxides, silicates and phosphates. The first part of the review highlights well known condensation reactions with some deeper insights into their mechanism and also presents novel condensation reactions established in NHSG chemistry in recent years. In the second section we discuss porosity control and novel compositions of selected materials. In the last part, the applications of NHSG derived materials as heterogeneous catalysts and supports, luminescent materials and electrode materials in Li-ion batteries are described.

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“…There are two methods to introduce the in situ formed silica in the EPDM rubber. In the first method, the in situ silica/EPDM nanocomposites can be prepared by dissolving EPDM in the organic solvents following the addition of a silica precursor, such as tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), with or without the presence of coupling agents . However, this route is not environmentally friendly and a solvent elimination process is required to obtain the pure in situ silica‐reinforced rubber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative behavior of in situ silica generation in saturated rubbers: EPDM and hydrogenated natural rubber

Ongwongsakul

Rempel

Poompradub

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Role of carbon‐carbon double (CC) bonds content and their position in ethylene‐propylene diene ter‐polymer (EPDM), hydrogenated natural rubber (HNR) and natural rubber (NR) on in situ silica formation using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as a silica precursor is comparatively investigated. Glass transition temperature (Tg) reflecting rubber chain flexibility is found as an important factor for in situ silica generation via swelling method. Despite of similar solubility parameters, NR has higher TEOS‐swelling degree resulting in the higher in situ silica content (30.8 phr) than EPDM (3.50 phr) and HNR (10.4–17.6 phr) due to the higher Tg of EPDM and HNR providing the less chain flexibility to be swollen in TEOS solution. The morphological analysis implies that CC bonds in saturated rubbers may be agglomeration sites for in situ silica particles. For practical applications, saturated rubbers containing in situ silica/NR vulcanizates showed the improvement of mechanical properties and resistance of thermal and ozone degradation. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44748.

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Preparation and characterization of EPDM/silica composites prepared through non-hydrolytic sol-gel method in the absence and presence of a coupling agent

Cited by 20 publications

References 26 publications

New high impact polystyrene: Use of poly(1‐hexene) and poly(1‐hexene‐co‐hexadiene) as impact modifiers

New high impact polystyrene: Use of poly(1‐hexene) and poly(1‐hexene‐co‐hexadiene) as impact modifiers

The Power of Non-Hydrolytic Sol-Gel Chemistry: A Review

Comparative behavior of in situ silica generation in saturated rubbers: EPDM and hydrogenated natural rubber

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