“…So far, many approaches have been attempted [21][22][23][24][25]. For example, introducing metal (such as Fe, Co, Cr, Ni, and Mo) [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37], noble-metal (such as Au, Ag, and Pt) [38,39] or non-metal elements (such as N, C, F, and S) [22,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50], and co-doping metal and non-metal elements (such as Mo + C, Fe + N, Mo + S, and Co + N, S) [51][52][53][54][55][56][57] have been used to enhance the light absorption properties. Huang and co-workers [43,50] studied the electronic band structures of those doped TiO 2 nanomaterials by density functional theory, and explained the mechanism of the enhanced visible-light absorption.…”