Preparation and characterization of microwave irradiated pH-sensitive polyacrylamide grafted flax seed mucilage graft copolymeric hydrogel (PFLSM-g-PAM-cl-MBA) and its evaluation as effective polymeric scaffold
“…As seen in the Fig. 10 , it is clearly evident that the control local tissue although had collagen and spindle-shaped fibroblast growth; but in the test tissue, there was more enhanced growth, which indicates, that CrNF(S7-CL) can be an excellent material for to be used as polymeric scaffold and other biomedical applications (Dey et al 2020 )(Garg et al 2021 ). Fig.…”
The present work is focused on fabrication of novel nanofiber (NF) mat as wound-healing scaffold using blends of novel combination of
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
leaves mucilage (HLM)–Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)–Pectin,
which was never reported previously. Different ratios of the polymeric blends were electrospun by setting different parameters to achieve best possible electrospun nanofiber mat which was later crosslinked by glutaraldehyde vapor. The optimized formulation of nanofiber mat was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The crosslinked sample was evaluated for its efficacy in wound healing using Swiss albino mice model, where rapid healing of excised wound was observed with faster epithelization in test mice group than control mice within a period of 8 days. The hemolysis test with optimized crosslinked nanofiber mat CrNF(S7-CL) indicated it to be hemo-compatible. There were no traces of optimized CrNF(S7-CL) when placed under the skin hypodermis in test mice groups revealing its biodegradable nature. The degradation pattern of CrNF(S7-CL) in soil reflects its eco-friendly behavior. Thus, the prepared nanofiber grade CrNF(S7-CL) can be considered as a novel material for faster wound healing and can also be explored for other biomedical applications.
“…As seen in the Fig. 10 , it is clearly evident that the control local tissue although had collagen and spindle-shaped fibroblast growth; but in the test tissue, there was more enhanced growth, which indicates, that CrNF(S7-CL) can be an excellent material for to be used as polymeric scaffold and other biomedical applications (Dey et al 2020 )(Garg et al 2021 ). Fig.…”
The present work is focused on fabrication of novel nanofiber (NF) mat as wound-healing scaffold using blends of novel combination of
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
leaves mucilage (HLM)–Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)–Pectin,
which was never reported previously. Different ratios of the polymeric blends were electrospun by setting different parameters to achieve best possible electrospun nanofiber mat which was later crosslinked by glutaraldehyde vapor. The optimized formulation of nanofiber mat was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The crosslinked sample was evaluated for its efficacy in wound healing using Swiss albino mice model, where rapid healing of excised wound was observed with faster epithelization in test mice group than control mice within a period of 8 days. The hemolysis test with optimized crosslinked nanofiber mat CrNF(S7-CL) indicated it to be hemo-compatible. There were no traces of optimized CrNF(S7-CL) when placed under the skin hypodermis in test mice groups revealing its biodegradable nature. The degradation pattern of CrNF(S7-CL) in soil reflects its eco-friendly behavior. Thus, the prepared nanofiber grade CrNF(S7-CL) can be considered as a novel material for faster wound healing and can also be explored for other biomedical applications.
“…Table 3 showed the exact value of wavenumber detected for the functional groups. In the case of the acrylamide monomer, the stretching vibration of -NH 2 group was detected at (f) with an adsorption peak of 3,370 cm −1, whilst the spike at 2,939 cm −1 was attributed to the methylene group, =CH 2 (Garg et al , 2021). The characteristics of the absorption peak at 1,635 and 1,478 cm −1 were assigned to C = O stretching vibration of the amide group and stretching vibration of the methyl group, respectively.…”
Purpose
In this study, new hybrid polymers composed of Zinc chloride (ZnCl2), acrylamide and chitosan were prepared at different ratios and temperatures. The effects of pH and polymer dosage were examined for different polymers to observe their efficiency in the removal of turbid water. The polymers’ zeta potential, morphology, elemental composition and functional groups were also identified and studied.
Design/methodology/approach
The free-radical polymerisation process was executed in the presence of N, N’-Methylene bis-acrylamide and potassium persulphate in one molar acrylamide solution. ZnCl2 and chitosan (CO) were later introduced into the suspension under nitrogen gas flow. Ratio and temperature were varied during polymerisation. The hybrid polymer produced, termed Polyacrylamide + chitosan oligosaccharide + zinc chloride (PAMCOZ), was analysed using Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy attenuated total reflectance and scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray. The hybrid PAMCOZ was experimented with in high turbid kaolin suspension using jar testing analysis to see its ability as a coagulant.
Findings
The coagulation process using PAMCOZ with a ratio of 11 (3:2) at 70°C surrounding temperature showed a 100% reduction at pH 4 with 50 mg/L of the polymer. The functional groups present in ratio 11 polymer were hydroxyl, carbonyl, amide and methyl groups. In addition, several elements were spotted on the surface of PAMCOZ, such as zinc (Zn), carbon (C), chlorine (Cl), nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O). The effect of pH also demonstrated that PAMCOZ was unfavourable in an alkaline turbid water environment.
Research limitations/implications
Due to the research methodology approach, the research results may lack actual wastewater application. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test the hybrid coagulant on raw wastewater, such as pulp and paper mill effluent with a high turbidity value similar to this study.
Originality/value
The polymerisation between zinc chloride, acrylamide and chitosan has not yet been applied. The different ratios and effects of temperature were analysed on PAMCOZ to see the turbidity removal. PAMCOZ showed better turbidity removal in acidic conditions.
“…Recently, pH-sensitive polymeric scaffolds started to gain interest in wound healing; their efficacy resides in the fact that the normal human skin pH is between 4 and 6, while, in the case of an injury, it raises the physiological value [ 139 ]. In this context, Garg et al [ 140 ] have developed a pH-sensitive scaffold made of polyacrylamide (PAM)-grafted flax seed mucilage graft copolymeric hydrogel. The scaffold showed maximum swelling at 7.4 pH, tissue compatibility, satisfactory fibroblast growth, and sufficient collagen deposition, being considered promising materials for wound management.…”
Whether they are caused by trauma, illness, or surgery, wounds may occur throughout anyone’s life. Some injuries’ complexity and healing difficulty pose important challenges in the medical field, demanding novel approaches in wound management. A highly researched possibility is applying biomaterials in various forms, ranging from thin protective films, foams, and hydrogels to scaffolds and textiles enriched with drugs and nanoparticles. The synergy of biocompatibility and cell proliferative effects of these materials is reflected in a more rapid wound healing rate and improved structural and functional properties of the newly grown tissue. This paper aims to present the biomaterial dressings and scaffolds suitable for wound management application, reviewing the most recent studies in the field.
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