Preparation and Characterization of Moldable Demineralized Bone Matrix/Calcium Sulfate Composite Bone Graft Materials

Abstract

Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is a decalcified allo/xenograft retaining collagen and noncollagenous proteins, which has been extensively used because of its osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties. Calcium sulfate (CaSO4, CS) is a synthetic bone substitute used in bone healing with biocompatible, nontoxic, bioabsorbable, osteoconductive, and good mechanical characteristics. This study aims to prepare a DBM/CS composite bone graft material in a moldable putty form without compromising the peculiar properties of DBM and CS. For this purpose, firstly, porcine femur was defatted using chloroform/methanol and extracted by acid for demineralization, then freeze-dried and milled/sieved to obtain DBM powder. Secondly, the α-form and β-form of calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO4 •0.5H2O, CSH) were produced by heating gypsum (CaSO4 •2H2O). The morphology and particle sizes of α- and β-CSH were obtained by SEM, and their chemical properties were confirmed by EDS, FTIR and XRD. Furthermore, the DBM-based graft was mixed with α- or β-CSH at a ratio of 9:1, and glycerol/4% HPMC was added as a carrier to produce a putty. DBM/CSH putty possesses a low washout rate, good mechanical strength and biocompatibility. In conclusion, we believe that the moldable DBM/CSH composite putty developed in this study could be a promising substitute for the currently available bone grafts, and might have practical application in the orthopedics field as a potential bone void filler.

Customized Design 3D Printed PLGA/Calcium Sulfate Scaffold Enhances Mechanical and Biological Properties for Bone Regeneration

“…PLGA spectrum showed an intense peak of characteristic carbonyl (C=O) at 1,850 cm −1 . In the same spectrum could also be observed a characteristic peak of the C-C(=O)-O at 1,150 cm −1 ( Fernandes et al, 2017 ; Chen et al, 2021 ). After adding CaSO 4 , the PLGA/CaSO 4 peaks became less intense and narrow, showing a decrease in the PLGA ratio.…”

Development of Injectable Calcium Sulfate and Self-Setting Calcium Phosphate Composite Bone Graft Materials for Minimally Invasive Surgery

“…The Synthesis of Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate (CSH, CaSO 4 •0.5H 2 O) CS has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a bone graft material due to its non-toxicity, superb workability, good biocompatibility, and osteoconductivity, and the hemihydrate form of CS (calcium sulfate hemihydrate, CSH, CaSO 4 •0.5H 2 O) is known to be suitable for clinical applications such as a bone void filler and is widely used in orthopedics and dentistry [5,9,[13][14][15][16]. In our previous studies, we have developed a hydrothermal method to produce self-prepared CSH by high vapor pressure of water [17,18]. Figure 1a shows the rod-like morphology of CSH observed by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and the size of the CSH specimen is smaller than 40 µm.…”

“…The α-form of CSH (CaSO 4 ·0.5H 2 O) was prepared by a wet method as described [ 17 ]. Briefly, CSD (CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O; J.T.…”

Regenerative Efficacy of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide-Derived Bone Graft Putty in Rabbit Bone Defect Model

“…Aging, tumors, trauma, infection, and surgery are the various causes that lead to bone defects [ 1 , 2 ]. To treat the bone defect, the most frequently used approach is bone grafting, in which bone grafts are extensively used for bone regeneration in orthopedic surgeries [ 3 ].…”

“…Conventional bone grafts are produced to substitute the missing bone tissue by filling the defect and alleviating the bone damage [ 4 ]. The perfect bone graft essentially enhances bone healing and regeneration with ideal steadiness and robustness, along with features including osteogenesis, osteoinduction, and osteoconduction [ 2 , 5 ].…”