Preparation and characterization of new flame retardant polyurethane composite and nanocomposite

Aslzadeh, Mohammad Mohammadi; Abdouss, Majid; Sadeghi, Gity M. M.

doi:10.1002/app.37809

Cited by 30 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This effect was ascribed to porous, cellular structure of the samples. Foam‐like structure implies that MCP follows intumescent mechanism that have been reported by some researchers . As MCP is a typical monomeric IFR, it is expected to demonstrate excellent fire retardant properties.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Synthesis of a melamine‐cyclotriphosphazene derivative and its application as flame retardant on cotton gauze

Yao

Yang

et al. 2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The halogen-free flame retardance of natural fiber is an everlasting challenge due to the well-known poor solubility of phosphazene in water. In this case, a new cyclotriphosphazene derivative (MCP) was synthesized. It was etherized hexamethylolmelamine (HMMM) and hexachloro-cyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) by one pot reaction. It was characterized by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, 31 P NMR, FT-IR, TGA, SEM, limited oxygen index (LOI) and vertical flame testing. The MCP has good solubility in water and thermosetting MCP has compact structure which can expand several times after burning. Cotton gauze was soaked in six different concentration of aqueous solutions of MCP (0 wt %, 5 wt %, 10 wt %, 15 wt %, 20 wt % and 25 wt %, respectively) to obtain the flame retardant cloth. The cloth was soaked in 20 wt % MCP solution had higher char yield and LOI. They had no any afterflame and afterglow, and gauze 2-gauze 5 cannot be burned out in 12s ignition time.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Synthesis of a melamine‐cyclotriphosphazene derivative and its application as flame retardant on cotton gauze

Yao

Yang

et al. 2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The difference of hydrogen bonding in urethane carbonyl groups is schematically shown in Figure . The percentages of disordered hydrogen‐bonded ( X D,U ), ordered hydrogen‐bonded ( X O,U ), and the sum of hydrogen‐bonded carbonyl group ( X B,U) are calculated according to Equations to , and the results are listed in Table

X_{normalD, normalU} = \frac{Area ((), 1722 {cm}^{- 1})}{Area ((), 1702 {cm}^{- 1}) + Area ((), 1722 {cm}^{- 1}) + Area ((), 1745 {cm}^{- 1})}

X_{normalO, normalU} = \frac{Area ((), 1702 {cm}^{- 1})}{Area ((), 1702 {cm}^{- 1}) + Area ((), 1722 {cm}^{- 1}) + Area ((), 1745 {cm}^{- 1})}

X_{normalB, normalU} = X_{normalO, normalU} + X_{normalD, normalU}

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, burning conventional PUs will release smokes containing CO 2 and toxic gases such as HCN and CO . Therefore, the development of technologies to improve the flame retardancy of PUs has been the focus of PU research community over the past decades …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation, flame retardancy, and thermal and mechanical properties of polyurethane containing phosphonated bisphenol‐A units

2018

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Summary A novel phosphonated bisphenol‐A glycol (3001‐OH) was synthesized by the ring opening reaction between α,ω‐phenol‐terminated aromatic polyphosphonate and propylene oxide. 3001‐OH was then incorporated into polyurethanes (PUs) as soft segments, and the effects of 3001‐OH on the flame retardancy and thermal and mechanical properties of PUs were investigated. The tensile strength and Young modulus of PUs are improved with the incorporation of 3001‐OH into the PUs. With the increase of 3001‐OH content in the PUs, the glass transition temperature of the soft segments increases, and the phase separation degree between the hard and soft segments decreases. The limiting oxygen index values of PUs increase from 23.1% to 29.6%, while total heat release values from micro‐scale combustion calorimeter decrease from 24.3 to 21.5 kJ g−1. And the PUs containing phosphorus element successfully met UL‐94 V‐0 rating requirements. The thermal degradation behaviors and flame retardant mechanism of 3001‐OH were studied by thermal gravimetric analysis and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry coupled with the morphology and chemical analysis of the char residues. The results confirm that 3001‐OH exerts gaseous‐phase and condensed‐phase flame retardant effects on the PUs.

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“…The pristine clays, being hydrophilic in nature, are not compatible with most of the polymer matrices. However, modification of layered‐silicates with long chain ammonium or phosphonium quaternary ions, increases the inter‐layer spacing which helps in separation of layers easily and also improves compatibility with polymer matrices …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyurethane/clay nanocomposites with improved helium gas barrier and mechanical properties: Direct versus master‐batch melt mixing route

Adak

Joshi

Butola

2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/clay nanocomposite films were produced by incorporation of organo‐modified montmorillonite clay (Cloisite 30B) in TPU matrix by two different melt‐mixing routes (direct and master‐batch‐based mixing), followed by compression molding. In master‐batch mixing where the master‐batch was prepared by mixing of clay and TPU in a solvent, better dispersion of clay‐layers was observed in comparison to the nanocomposites produced by direct mixing. As a consequence, superior mechanical and gas barrier properties were obtained by master‐batch mixing route. The master‐batch processing resulted in 284 and 236% increase in tearing strength and tearing energy, respectively, with 5 wt % clay‐loading. Interestingly, in case of master‐batch mixing, the tensile strength, stiffness as well as breaking extension increased simultaneously up to 3 wt % clay‐loading. The helium gas permeability reduced by about 39 and 31% for the TPU/clay nanocomposites produced by mater‐batch and direct mixing routes, respectively, at 3 wt % loading of clay. Finally, the gas permeability results have been compared using three different gas permeability models and a good correlation was observed at lower volume fraction of clay. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46422.

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Preparation and characterization of new flame retardant polyurethane composite and nanocomposite

Cited by 30 publications

References 35 publications

Synthesis of a melamine‐cyclotriphosphazene derivative and its application as flame retardant on cotton gauze

Synthesis of a melamine‐cyclotriphosphazene derivative and its application as flame retardant on cotton gauze

Preparation, flame retardancy, and thermal and mechanical properties of polyurethane containing phosphonated bisphenol‐A units

Polyurethane/clay nanocomposites with improved helium gas barrier and mechanical properties: Direct versus master‐batch melt mixing route

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