Preparation and Characterization of Petai Pods Extract (Parkia speciosa Hassk.) Loaded Ethosomes

Fitrya, Fitrya; Fithri, Najma Annuria; Amriani, Annisa; Haryati, Annisa; Wijaya, Dina Permata

doi:10.26554/sti.2021.6.1.19-24

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…(2021), the degree of vesicle aggregation is inversely proportional to the magnitude of its positive or negative charges [24]. The zeta potential values measured in this investigation ranged from±27.0±1.0 mV to±34.33±0.58 mV.…”

Section: Particle and Zeta Potential Measurementmentioning

confidence: 68%

Formulation Development and in Vitro Penetration Test of Ethosome of Chromolaena Odorata Leaves Extract

RAHMI,

REVENY,

ARIANTO

et al. 2024

Int J App Pharm

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Objective: This study aimed to develop and assess ethosome preparation using extracts derived from the leaves of Chromolaena odorata. Methods: The study started by obtaining Chromolaena odorata leaf extracts. Furthermore, Ethosome formulations were produced using a thermal technique. Ethosome variants were created, each with distinct compositions: Formulation F1, containing 10 ml of ethanol without the extract; Formulation F2, consisting of 0.5 grams of the extract mixed with 10 ml of ethanol; Formulation F3, combining 1 gram of the extract with 20 ml of ethanol; and Formulation F4, incorporating 1.5 grams of the extract with 30 ml of ethanol. The ethosomal systems were thoroughly characterized using various analytical techniques, such as organoleptic analysis, quantification of particle dimensions, zeta potential evaluation, pH metric analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging, and in vitro permeability assessment using the Franz Diffusion Cell apparatus. Results: The findings indicated that the optimized F4 formulation showed 161.2±32.0 nm particle size measurement and a+34.33±0.58 mV zeta potential. All formula possess a pH range of 4.5-6.5, within which the skin can acclimate to preparations. It is evident from all formulations that the pH decreased after the addition of the extract at an acidic pH of 4.11. Following the 12-week storage period, the pH of all treatments exhibited a modest reduction; however, it remained within the acceptable range for skin pH. Furthermore, the F4 formula also had a higher level of penetration activity. Conclusion: The optimized ethosomal formulations of Chromolaena odorata have promising applications in enhancing the permeability and efficacy of plant-derived therapeutic agents.

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Section: Particle and Zeta Potential Measurementmentioning

confidence: 68%

Formulation Development and in Vitro Penetration Test of Ethosome of Chromolaena Odorata Leaves Extract

RAHMI,

REVENY,

ARIANTO

et al. 2024

Int J App Pharm

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“…The solution was replaced with a phosphate buffer solution of pH 6.4 of 2 mL after each sampling to maintain sink condition. The resulting sample was analyzed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at catechin predetermined wavelength determined the amount of drug undergoing permeation at any given time interval (Fithri et al, 2017;Fitrya et al, 2021).…”

Section: Ex Vivo Drug Release Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation and Evaluation of Gambier (Uncaria gambir)-Chitosan Microparticle Intranasal Delivery for Alzheimer’s Diseases

Fithri,

Mardiyanto,

Fitrya

et al. 2024

Sci. Technol. Indones

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Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), the most common form of dementia continues to be the deadliest neuro degenerative disease in recent years. Despite significant efforts to mitigate the progression of the disease, there is no known cure and development towards a more effective treatment is still lacking. AD is marked by exceptionally low amount of acetylcholine in the brain, formation of tau protein, and amyloid beta plaque. Current drugs of choice for treating AD, namely donepezil and memantine, are acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors which focused on delaying the onset of cognitive decline by maintaining acetylcholine concentration. Gambier water extract (GWE) contains high level of polyphenols which act as an antioxidant, exhibit strong correlation with AChE inhibitor. The aim of this research is to formulate and encapsulate GWE inside a microparticle system composed of chitosan and different crosslinkers, STPP (IMGS) and CaCl2 (IMGC), which were then characterized as AChE inhibitor using Ellman’s method. Variations of the formula were designed following Box-Behnken experimental design with chitosan and crosslinker concentration, crosslinker type, and stirring speed as variables. Initial activity of GWE, IMGS and IMGC as antioxidant were confirmed with DPPH method, obtaining a strong activity of 88.01, 82.11, and 84.99% DPPH inhibition at 100 ppm respectively. Promisingly, at concentration of 100 ppm GWE demonstrated AChE inhibition of 30.36%. However, this activity reduced after encapsulation into IMGS and IMGC, with 14.63% and 18.65% AChE inhibition, which can be linked to the relatively sustained diffusion of GWE from the polymer matrix. IMGS and IMGC diffusion profile showed release of 23.24% and 21.89% after 6 hours, with significant increase in diffusion after 24 hours with 74.92% and 71.19% respectively. Despite showing sustained release behaviour, both IMGS and IMGC ex-vivo diffusion significantly improved when compared to GWE which only diffused 51.84% after 24 hours. This result indicates encapsulation of GWE into a polymeric carrier could increase gambier diffusion through the nasal mucous membrane, significantly improving the potential to penetrate into the brain systemic circulation. Combined with desirable intranasal delivery characteristics, this research was able to demonstrate the promising potential of gambier water extract polymeric system as AChE inhibitors for AD therapy.

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“…Respon (polydispersity index) semakin meningkat presentasenya seiring dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi fosfolipid dan penurunan presentase PI dapat terjadi ketika meningkatnya konsentrasi etanol, dimana jika presentase PI semakin mendekati nol maka zat aktif akan terdistribusi lebih baik ke tempat aksinya (18). Karakteristik etosom pada polydispersity index yaitu nilai PI < 0,5% yang menunjukkan bahwa distribusi diameter partikel etosom cenderung homogen (19). Berdasarkan Gambar 3. terlihat pengaruh etanol dan fosfolipid terhadap persen hasil entrapment efficiency yang diperoleh, semakin tinggi konsentrasi etanol dan fosfolipid dapat meningkatkan nilai presentase EE.…”

Section: Cunclassified

“…Respon (Zeta Potential) semakin meningkat presentasenya seiring dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi etanol dan penurunan fosfolipid, dimana etanol dapat memberikan muatan pada etosom yang dapat menambah tingkat penetrasi ke dalam kulit, meningkatkan stabilitas vesikel yang terbentuk karena adanya muatan dalam lapisan ganda lipid mencegah terjadinya agregasi vesikel (22). Karakteristik etosom pada zeta potential yaitu akan stabil jika nilainya lebih dari +25 mV atau -25 mV, semakin muatannya positif atau negatif maka keterkejadiannya untuk melakukan interaksi berkurang sehingga beragregasi akan minimum (19), namun terdapat sebuah penelitian yang menyatakan bahwa muatan antara -30 sampai +30 mV memiliki kecenderungan untuk beragregasi lebih cepat, dan nilai ZP di atas 60 mV menghasilkan stabilitas yang sangat baik (22).…”

Section: Cunclassified

Studi Pemodelan Formulasi Etosom dengan Zat Aktif Aktif Antijamur Golongan Azol Menggunakan Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

Mughnitiyas,

Luthfika Dewi,

Prabowo Soewondo

2023

BCSP

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Abstract. Antifungal azole is a class of synthetic antifungal agents used to prevent or treat fungal infections. It is the first-line treatment for prophylactic and therapy of invasive fungal infections. Topical formulations of azole drugs in conventional dermatological products have been shown to possess limited skin penetration. This can result in reduced therapeutic effects. One method of topical drug delivery is the use of nanocarriers, such as ethosomes, which are vesicular lipid-based delivery systems. The critical points in ethosome formulations include determining the optimal concentrations of ethanol and phospholipids to produce desirable ethosome characteristics. The investigation aimed to study the impact of ethanol and phospholipid concentrations on the characteristics of ethosome formulations containing azole antifungal agents using a Response Surface Methodology (RSM) approach. This study was conducted employing a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology. Azole antifungal agent formulations have shown that increasing ethanol concentration and decreasing phospholipid concentration reduce vesicle size. This is accompanied by an increase in %EE when both ethanol and phospholipid concentrations are elevated. Simultaneously, a decrease in both ethanol and phospholipid concentrations reduces %PI. Furthermore, decreasing phospholipid concentration will increase %ZP and %DR. Keywords: Ethosome, Antifungal, Skin Abstrak. Antijamur golongan azol merupakan golongan antimikotik sintetik yang umumnya merupakan lini pertama untuk profilaksis dan terapi infeksi jamur invasif. Sediaan topikal obat golongan azol pada produk dermatologis konvensional memiliki efek penetrasi obat yang kurang ke dalam kulit, sehingga efek terapeutik berkurang. Salah satu sistem penghantaran obat topikal berbasis nanocarrier yaitu etosom merupakan sistem penghantaran vesicular berbasis lipid. Pada formulasi etosom memiliki titik kritis diantaranya konsentrasi etanol dan fosfolipid yang optimum agar menghasilkan karakteristik etosom yang baik. Upaya untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi etanol dan fosfolipid terhadap karakteristik etosom yang baik dapat menggunakan pemodelan terhadap formula etosom menggunakan Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi etanol dan fosfolipid dalam formulasi etosom dengan zat aktif antijamur golongan azol terhadap karakteristik etosom menggunakan Response Surface Methodology sehingga dapat memberi petunjuk untuk menghasilkan formulasi yang memberikan efek terapeutik yang maksimum. Kajian ini dilakukan dengan metode Systematic Literatur Review (SLR). Hasil kajian pemodelan pada formulasi etosom dengan zat aktif antijamur golongan azol menunjukkan peningkatan konsentrasi etanol dan penurunan konsentrasi fosfolipid akan menurunkan ukuran vesikel, peningkatan konsentrasi etanol dan fosfolipid akan meningkatkan %EE, penurunan konsentrasi etanol dan fosfolipid akan menurunkan %PI, penurunan konsentrasi fosfolipid akan meningkatkan %ZP dan %DR. Kata Kunci: Etosom, Antijamur, Kulit

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Preparation and Characterization of Petai Pods Extract (Parkia speciosa Hassk.) Loaded Ethosomes

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Formulation Development and in Vitro Penetration Test of Ethosome of Chromolaena Odorata Leaves Extract

Formulation Development and in Vitro Penetration Test of Ethosome of Chromolaena Odorata Leaves Extract

Formulation and Evaluation of Gambier (Uncaria gambir)-Chitosan Microparticle Intranasal Delivery for Alzheimer’s Diseases

Studi Pemodelan Formulasi Etosom dengan Zat Aktif Aktif Antijamur Golongan Azol Menggunakan Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

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