“…However, increasing the MS amount to more than 2% does not further improve membrane hydrophilicity. Zhang et al also reported the similar results [30].The possible reason was that the aggregation of the MS particles occurred on the membrane surface when the MS content was further increased to 4% in the membrane. Overall, the membrane with 2% MS (M2) had the best hydrophilicity due to the well dispersed hydrophilic mesoporous silica in the membrane, which is expected to result in high antifouling performance of the membrane.…”