Preparation and characterization of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) based ultrafiltration membranes using nano γ-Al2O3

Novel polyethersulfone hybrid ultrafiltration membrane prepared with SiO 2 - g -(PDMAEMA- co -PDMAPS) and its antifouling performances in oil-in-water emulsion application

“…However, the opposite phenomenon was observed with the continuous addition of NPs (3 wt.%, 6 wt.%) in the casting solution. Obviously, this finding was consistent with the ones observed by Liu et al [42] and Xu et al [43]. In general, the permeation flux was determined by the porosity, mean pore size and hydrophilicity of the membrane.…”

“…Thus, the casting solution became unstable and the phase separation was induced at a low polymer concentration [34], which results to the membrane having large surface pore size and high surface porosity; (2) in the membrane formation process, PES coagulated promptly to form the membrane matrix and the hydrophilic NPs migrated spontaneously to the membrane surface to reduce interfacial energy [33]. At the same time, a portion of NPs were inevitably leached out from the membrane and acted as a pore-forming agent, resulting in the formation of high porosity and large surface pore size [37]; (3) the viscosity of the casting solution was increased with the continuous increase of NPs content [42]. As a result, the high viscosity of the casting solution notably slowed the exchange of DMAc and water as well as suppressed the formation of large pore size.…”

Designing electrospun nanocomposite poly(vinylidene fluoride) mats with tunable wettability

“…Similar observations have been reported for different fillers in electrospun PVDF, such as zeolites [28], graphene oxide [24] and ZnO [22]. Furthermore, this transformation of α to β-phase has also been reported for the addition of Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles to PVDF and the preparation of membranes with techniques different than electrospinning [58,59]. The difference in the present research is the emergence of γ-phase besides β, possibly due to the contribution of the stretching effect of the electrostatic field.…”

“…So, the amount of nanoparticles seems to have no significant effect as well. As already mentioned, the presence of a filler (either alumina or other inorganic nanoparticles) in the electrospinning of PVDF can positively influence the formation of β and γ-phase [22,24,28,58,59]. Probably here even a small amount of alumina is enough, so probably this is why the increasing amount of nanoparticles doesn't show any significant effect in the spectra of the mats.…”

A Comprehensive Review on Polymeric Nano-Composite Membranes for Water Treatment

“…They studied that TiO 2 nanoparticle with size 10 nm provides good antifouling properties as compared to using large particle size of 26-30 nm. Liu et al [30] compared separation performance of PVDF membranes with fabricated PVDF/ γ-Al 2 O 3 using 2 wt% γ-Al 2 O 3 and found better performance. Oh et al [31] fabricated PVDF UF membrane by using TiO 2 nanoparticles dispersed into casting solution using PET films and nonwoven fabric as support.…”