Preparation and characterization of polydopamine/melamine microencapsulated red phosphorus and its flame retardance in epoxy resin

Abstract

Red phosphorus was coated by a polydopamine/melamine composite shell structure, which constituted an intumescent flame retardant with superior flame retardance and smoke suppression performance for epoxy resin.

Enhance the fire safety of epoxy resin using ammonium polyphosphate flame retardant with the sandwich structure containing catalytic carbon formation function

“…12,13 This typical intumescent system consists of a carbon source (carbonizing agent), a gas source (blowing agent), and an acid source (coking catalyst). 14,15 The acid source has a catalytic promoting effect on the carbonator. Then, under the action of the blowing agent, the carbonizing agent burns and expands the carbonized material to form a stable, expanded char layer of the polymer material.…”

“…Among them, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) is a common phosphorus‐containing complex flame retardant, 10,11 which usually forms an intumescent flame retardant (IFR) system together with other flame retardants by providing an acid source and a gas source 12,13 . This typical intumescent system consists of a carbon source (carbonizing agent), a gas source (blowing agent), and an acid source (coking catalyst) 14,15 . The acid source has a catalytic promoting effect on the carbonator.…”

Polystyrene nanospheres coated red phosphorus flame retardant for polyamide 66

“…As an important commercial flame retardant, halogenic flame retardant flame retardants such as brominated flame retardant (BFR) and chlorine flame retardant (CFR) are widely used as important commercial flame retardants because of their high efficiency and wide applicability. However, a large number of corrosive hydrogen halide gas and toxic carcinogens polybrominated benzene and polybrominated dibenzofuran are produced during the combustion process of the halogenic flame retardant, which are harmful to natural ecosystems and affect the normal metabolism of human body 1,2 . Therefore, halogen‐free flame retardants such as phosphorus flame retardant, hydroxide flame retardant, phosphorus nitrogen flame retardant with low smoke, non‐toxicity, and high thermal stability are getting more and more attention in recent years.…”

“…However, a large number of corrosive hydrogen halide gas and toxic carcinogens polybrominated benzene and polybrominated dibenzofuran are produced during the combustion process of the halogenic flame retardant, which are harmful to natural ecosystems and affect the normal metabolism of human body. 1,2 Therefore, halogen-free flame retardants such as phosphorus flame retardant, hydroxide flame retardant, phosphorus nitrogen flame retardant with low smoke, non-toxicity, and high thermal stability are getting more and more attention in recent years. Compared to the traditional halogen-containing flame retardants, halogenfree flame retardants hardly give rise to toxic gas during the burning period, and hence the danger of choking and the damage to the environment can be signicantly decreased.…”