Preparation and characterization of porous hydroxyapatite/β-cyclodextrin-based polyurethane composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

Abstract

In this study, novel porous scaffolds containing hydroxyapatite and b-cyclodextrin-based polyurethane were first successfully fabricated by polymerizing b-cyclodextrin with hexamethylene diisocyanate and hydroxyapatite in situ for bone tissue engineering. The physicochemical and mechanical properties as well as cytocompatibility of porous scaffolds were investigated. The results showed that polyurethane reinforced with hydroxyapatite composites had cancellous bone-like porous structure. The mechanical strength of the scaffolds increased with increasing the hydroxyapatite content in scaffolds. Synthesized scaffolds (PU1, PUHA1, PU2, and PUHA2) presented compressive strength values of 0.87 AE 0.24 MPa, 1.81 AE 0.10 MPa, 6.16 AE 0.89 MPa, and 12.95 AE 2.05 MPa, respectively. The pore size and porosity of these scaffolds were suitable for bone regeneration. Cytocompatibility of composite scaffolds was proven via favorable interactions with MC3T3-E1 cells. The addition of hydroxyapatite into CD-based polyurethane scaffolds improved cell attachment, well-spread morphology, and higher proliferation. The hydroxyapatite-polyurethane scaffolds have the potential to be applied in bone repair and regeneration.

Chitosan/Xanthan/Hydroxyapatite-graphene oxide porous scaffold associated with mesenchymal stem cells for dentin-pulp complex regeneration

“…22 Previous studies have shown that the Hydroxyapatite (HA) incorporation in the composition of the scaffold favored osteoconduction, biocompatibility, cell proliferation and differentiation, in addition to being present as the main inorganic structure responsible for the regenerative process. 22,23,24 Although HA has excellent properties, composite materials may have some disadvantages as they make biomaterials highly friable, requiring the addition of other components to improve fracture strength. 25 The graphene particles have been shown to increase the mechanical strength of these bioceramic composites.…”

Improvement in the healing of bone fractures using a cyclodextrin/Ni-MOF nanofibers network: the development of a novel substrate to increase the surface area with desirable functional properties

“…There was also a peak at 1161 cm −1 belonging to the absorption of C–O–C vibration. 39 According to the FT-IR spectrum for the β-CDs/Ni-based MOF composite, all the peaks corresponding to the β-CDs and Ni-based MOF were still there in the final structure of the β-CDs/Ni-based MOF specimen, strongly confirming the successful fabrication of the polymeric fibrous composite.…”

“…In addition, this β-CD composite scaffold has the potential to be applied in bone repair and regeneration. 39 In Lukášek et al ’s report, a cyclodextrin-enriched composite scaffold revealed better performance in in vitro experiments compared with pristine polycaprolactone or polypyrrole-covered polycaprolactone scaffolds. 41 Yi et al indicated that the poly( l -lactide)-β-CD-hydroxyapatite composite possessed a rather large biocompatibility and bioactivity, and it could be a promising candidate as a bone tissue engineering material.…”

“…Du et al indicated that the addition of hydroxyapatite into b-CD-based polyurethane scaffolds improved cell attachment, giving a well-spread morphology and higher proliferation. In addition, this b-CD composite scaffold has the potential to be applied in bone repair and regeneration 39. In Lukášek et al's report, a cyclodextrin-enriched composite scaffold revealed better performance in in vitro experiments compared with pristine polycaprolactone or polypyrrolecovered polycaprolactone scaffolds 41.…”

Preparation and Evaluation of Nanofibrous Hydroxypropyl Cellulose and β-Cyclodextrin Polyurethane Composite Mats

“…[32]. β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD), another biobased monomer with a lipophilic cavity and a hydrophilic exterior, has attracted also attention due to its accessibility, lowest cost, environmentally friendly, excellent biocompatibility and ability to form inclusion complexes [33]. This natural product, which is obtained through enzymatic conversion from starch, is extensively used in separation and purification [34,35].…”