Preparation and characterization of the poplar micro-nano cellulose sustainable carbon spheres

Abstract

Cellulose extracted from the factory waste poplar, converted into value-added carbon spheres by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). Oxygen-rich functional group carbon spheres with smooth morphology, good dispersibility, controllable particle size, high carbon content and high calori c value were prepared under different process conditions. The optimum process conditions for obtaining good shape are temperature 250℃, time 12h, and cellulose dosage 1g. Under these conditions, the produced carbon microspheres have smooth surface, high dispersion and uniform particles. FTIR, XPS and elemental analysis indicated that the carbon content was as high as ~ 75% with increasing temperature and time, and the theoretically calculated HHV was 29.4 MJ/kg. The H/C and O/C ratios are quite different relative to the raw materials, demonstrating that cellulose undergoes dehydration, decarboxylation and demethylation during hydrothermal carbonization to form carbon microspheres with oxygenrich functional groups. The carbon materials were analyzed by BET, TG, Raman and XRD, which further proved that the carbon microspheres are high-concentration aromatized amorphous non-porous carbon materials.

Salt-Separated Strategy for Construction of Hollow Carbon Nanospheres with Tunable Size Based on α- Cyclodextrin

“…As the temperature rises α-cyclodextrin molecular chain partially breaks and gradually transforms into small molecules (ethers, quinones, pyranones, etc. )., part of the continued retention of the α-CD aggregates morphology, due to polarity and charge attraction, part of the small molecules attached to the residual framework of the α-CD aggregates [17]. Therefore, as the concentration increases, more small molecules are provided, resulting in the phenomenon that the particle size of the HCNs increases as the concentration increases.…”

Fabricating Porous Carbon Materials by One-Step Hydrothermal Carbonization of Glucose

“…Biomass materials have the advantages of being available in large quantities, being inexpensive and sustainability [1], which occupy an important place in the field of energy and functional carbon material preparation [2]. Many studies showed that hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a sustainable way for conversion of biomass materials because of its low operating temperature [3], no pretreatment of dehydration and simple equipment [4].…”