Preparation and Characterization of the Flame Retardant Decorated Plywood Based on the Intumescent Flame Retardant Adhesive

Wu, Muting; Song, Wenjing; Wu, Yuzhang; Qu, Wenzhong

doi:10.3390/ma13030676

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…SEM images showed that the char surface of MIPU0 was continuous, dense, and fully expanded (Figure 8), and the internal pore size of the char was consistent and without damage (Figure 9). These indicated that MUF, APP, and PER cooperated well and formed an excellent swollen char during combustion [4,28]. When WPU was introduced into this system, the char surface was visibly discontinuous with poor gloss (Figure 6) and traces of shrinkage appeared, as well as holes (Figure 8).…”

Section: Morphology Of the Expanded Charmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Crack-Resistant Amino Resin Flame-Retardant Coatings Using Waterborne Polyurethane as a Co-Binder Resin

et al. 2022

Materials

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Surface cracking is a major issue in amino resin-based flame-retardant coatings, which can be reduced by mixing flexible resins into the coatings. In this study, flexible waterborne polyurethane (WPU) was added into a melamine-modified, urea-formaldehyde, resin-based intumescent flame retardant (MUF-IFR) coating. A molecular chain of WPU was inserted into the MUF network and formed a WPU/MUF-semi-IPN structure. The cracking resistance of the coating was gradually enhanced with the increase in WPU content. When the WPU content exceeded 25% of the total resin, there were no cracks in the coatings after crack-resistance tests. The coatings before and after toughening showed good transparency on wood surfaces. The influence of WPU on char formation and flame retardant properties were explored by TGA, SEM, and cone calorimetry. The results showed that the decomposition of WPU occurred before char formation, which decreased the integrity of the coating and damaged the compactness of the char. Therefore, the addition of WPU reduced the expansion height and the barrier capacity of the char as well as the flame retardant properties of the coating. When the amount of WPU was 25% of the total resin, compared to the non-WPU coating, the average heat release rate in 300 s (AveHRR300s) and the total heat release at 300 s (THR300s) of the samples were increased by 45.8% and 35.7%, respectively. However, compared to the naked wood, the peak heat release rate (pHRR1), AveHRR300s, and THR300s of the samples with the coating containing 25% WPU were decreased by 64.2%, 39.0%, and 39.7%, respectively. Therefore, the thermal stability of WPU affected char formation. The amount of WPU added should be chosen to be the amount that was added just before the coating cracked.

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Section: Morphology Of the Expanded Charmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The MUF resin was synthesized with a molar ratio of formaldehyde/melamine and urea (F/(M + U)) of 1.30 [28]. A total of 40 g urea and 120 g formaldehyde solution were added to a three-necked flask, and the pH was set to 8.0-9.5 with 5% NaOH solution.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Melamine-urea-formaldehyde (Muf) Resinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crack-Resistant Amino Resin Flame-Retardant Coatings Using Waterborne Polyurethane as a Co-Binder Resin

et al. 2022

Materials

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“…However, most biomass-based carbon sources have not yet overcome the drawback of the need for a large number of intumescent flame retardants. In addition, they cannot yet eliminate the detrimental effects of flame retardants on the mechanical properties of wood materials [ 70 ]. To address the above issues, many researchers have attempted to incorporate silicon-containing compounds into biomass char sources to improve the thermal stability of biomass char sources and increase their compatibility with wood substrates, and preliminary results have been obtained [ 66 , 68 ].…”

Section: Composite Biological Intumescent Flame Retardantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research and Application of Biomass-Based Wood Flame Retardants: A Review

et al. 2023

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Wood is widely used as a construction material due to its many advantages, such as good mechanical properties, low production costs, and renewability. However, its flammability limits its use in construction. To solve the problem of wood flammability, the most common method to improve the fire safety of wood is to modify the wood by deep impregnation or surface coating with flame retardants. Therefore, many researchers have found that environmentally friendly and low-cost biomass materials can be used as a source of green flame retardants. Two aspects of biomass-based intumescent flame retardants are summarized in this paper. On the one hand, biomass is used as one of the three sources or as a flame-retardant synergist in combination with other flame retardants, which are called composite biomass intumescent flame retardants. On the other hand, biomass is used alone as a feedstock to produce all-biomass intumescent flame retardants. In addition, the potential of biomass-based materials as an environmentally friendly and low-cost FR source to produce high-performance biomass-based flame retardants with improved technology was also discussed in detail. The development of biomass-based intumescent flame retardants represents a viable and promising approach for the efficient and environmentally friendly production of biomass-based flame retardants.

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“…The above-mentioned facts are easily lead to serious consequences of fire. [3,4] The fire hazard of plywood is able to be reduced by the flame retardant treatment of veneer and/or adhesive in the process of DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200018 plywood preparation by impregnation, coating, and addition. [5,6] Different nitrogen phosphorus flame retardants have been synthesized by chemical synthesis or physical doping with ammonium phosphate, urea, melamine, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Polymerization and Flame Retardant Mechanism of Bio‐Based Nitrogen and Phosphorus Macromolecular Flame Retardant in Plywood

Yang

Zhang

2022

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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To improve the flame retardant performance of plywood and reduce the reagent loss and moisture absorption of the flame retardant, a bio-based supramolecular flame retardant is prepared by vacuum-pressure impregnation and high-temperature in situ polymerization in plywood. The best value of bonding strength appears at 170 °C, and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 170BF-B plywood is 42.3%. After hot pressing, the moisture absorption rate of the 170BF-B veneer is only 18.51%, while the loss resistance rate achieves 83.45%. Its residue at 700 °C is 91.36% higher than that of poplar veneer. In the combustion process, the peak value of heat release rate (PHRR) and heat release rate (HRR) of 170BF-B plywood are only 10.69% and 37.11% of that of untreated plywood. After combustion, an intumescent flame retardant layer exhibits a graphitization trend. In the flame retardant layer, there are not only functional groups, such as P═O, PO 4 3− , P-O-C decomposed by flame retardant but also characteristic functional groups of wood fiber, like C═O, C-H, etc. The prepolymer BF-B, which is composed of phytic acid, urea, and dicyandiamide polymerized with chitosan or lignocellulose to form a supramolecular flame retardant connected with P-O-C and P-O-N functional groups, thus improving the flame retardant and anti-loss property by in situ polymerization.

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Preparation and Characterization of the Flame Retardant Decorated Plywood Based on the Intumescent Flame Retardant Adhesive

Cited by 20 publications

References 33 publications

Crack-Resistant Amino Resin Flame-Retardant Coatings Using Waterborne Polyurethane as a Co-Binder Resin

Crack-Resistant Amino Resin Flame-Retardant Coatings Using Waterborne Polyurethane as a Co-Binder Resin

Research and Application of Biomass-Based Wood Flame Retardants: A Review

In Situ Polymerization and Flame Retardant Mechanism of Bio‐Based Nitrogen and Phosphorus Macromolecular Flame Retardant in Plywood

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