Preparation and characterizations of superparamagnetic iron oxide‐embedded poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) nanocarriers

Abstract

The present study aims at formulating a novel multifunctional biocompatible superparamagnetic nanoparticles carrier system with homogeneously dispersed magnetic material in solid polymer matrix of poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA). The nanocomposites were designed by modified suspension polymerization of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate followed by in situ coprecipitation of iron oxide inside the nanoparticle matrix yielding magnetic PHEMA (mPHEMA) nanocomposites. The so prepared nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction technique, Raman spectroscopy, electron diffraction, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy confirming the presence of Fe3O4 inside the PHEMA nanoparticles. The magnetization studies of nanocomposites conducted at room temperature using vibrating sample magnetometer suggested for their superparamagnetic nature having saturation magnetization (Ms) of 20 emu/g at applied magnetic field of 5 kOe. Transmission electron microscopy, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering/zeta potential measurements were also performed which revealed that size of mPHEMA nanocomposites was lying in the range of 60–300 nm having zeta potential of −93 mV. The nanocomposites showed no toxicity as revealed by cytotoxicity test performed on L‐929 fibroblast by extract method. The results indicated that the prepared superparamagnetic mPHEMA nanocomposites have enormous potential to provide a possible option for magnetically assisted targeted delivery of anticancer drugs. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40791.

Designing casein-coated iron oxide nanostructures (CCIONPs) as superparamagnetic core–shell carriers for magnetic drug targeting

“…Core/shell structure appeared in Fig. 4c, as a concentrated core and a lighter shell, in which magnetite nanoparticles appeared darker and well dispersed in the whole matrix of nanoparticle (Gupta et al 2014a, b). …”

“…Fe 2+ (0.5 M), Fe 3+ (1 M), and Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ (1:2 M), which facilitated an entrapment of different types of iron ions into the casein matrix; one contained only Fe 2+ ions, an other only Fe 3+ ions, and one had both Fe 3+ and Fe 2+ ions. Afterward, these particles were subjected to precipitation of iron oxide in alkaline medium (Gupta et al 2014a, b). Thus, it can be hypothesized that the CNPs containing only Fe 3+ and Fe 2+ ions lead to the formation of maghemite (c-Fe 2 O 3 ) and hematite (a-Fe 2 O 3 ) oxides of iron, whereas CNPs containing both Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ ions in the 1:2 molar ratio preferred the formation of magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ).…”

“…The prepared nanoparticles were then washed, dried at room temperature and stored in airtight polyethylene bags. The percentage impregnation of iron oxide can be calculated using following equation (Gupta et al 2014a, b). $$\text{Impregnation}false(\%false)=\frac{W_{\text{impregnated}}-W_{\text{dry}}}{W_{\text{dry}}}\times 100$$…”

Preparation And Characterization of Magnetic Nanocomposite Based on Gum Arabic/2-Hydroxyethylmethacrylate Using Gamma Irradiation For Use In Biomedical Application

“…9 (b, c) shows the corresponding peak of GA besides three new diffraction peaks at 2θ = 30°, 33°, 43° which referred to the existence of a nanocrystalline spinel phase due to (Fe 3 O 4 ) encapsulated in copolymer hydrogel network. The disappearance of 57° and 62° peaks in the diffraction pattern of the nanocomposite is due to covering of (Fe 3 O 4 ) crystallite by crystalline polymer [10]. It has also been observed that the intensity of (Fe 3 O 4 ) peaks has decreased, during its presence in the nanocomposite which is an indication of incorporation within pores of the hydrogel network [33].…”

“…The reason for superparamagnetic nature of the nanoparticles is due to the very small size of incorporated iron oxide particles which favors the redispersion of magnetic nanoparticles after the external magnetic field is removed [10]. Endoxan loading of (GA/HEMA) copolymer hydrogels and its magnetic nanocomposites The total amount of endoxan adsorbed into dry hydrogels and dry nanocomposites at different initial concentrations of the drug are shown in Fig.…”