Preparation and electrochemical properties of nanocrystalline LiBxMn2−xO4 cathode particles for Li-ion batteries by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method

Application of quaternized activated carbon derived from Macadamia nutshells for the removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions

“…Solvent evaporation took place within the heating reactor and produced the final oxide particles with a residence time of about 9.4 sec. [55][56][57][58][59] The boron-doped, LiB x Mn 2-x O 4 , phases were studied at different concentration ranges where x = 0.1-0.4. When X-ray diffraction was done, pure crystalline spherical morphology was observed, whereby these spherical morphologies decreased as the boron concentration increased.…”

A review of using spray pyrolysis through sol-gel materials in the synthesis of cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries

“…55 Although the material showed a decrease in the first discharge capacity, an improvement in the material's structural stability was observed upon capacity cycling. The results obtained in this study met the industry requirements because the materials produced good cycling performance and capacity.…”

“…When X-ray diffraction was done, pure crystalline spherical morphology was observed, whereby these spherical morphologies decreased as the boron concentration increased. 55 However, SEM analysis showed porous and hollow particles except for the high boron concentration materials contributing to the submicron size of mainly all the materials. Having these small particle sized materials for lithium batteries would result into higher charge/discharge rates and short diffusion paths.…”

“…[55][56][57][58][59] The doped LiM x Mn 2-x O 4 material was made by using an aqueous solution that contained nitric salts of the respective dopants with an approximately 0.9 M total metal-ion concentration with tartaric acid for a pH control between 1 and 1.7. 55,59 The prepared precursor solution was atomized by an ultrasonic nebulizer (frequency ranging from 1.3 to 1.75 MHz). The solution was sprayed into air (at a flow rate of 500 mL min -1 ) in an electric furnace that was preheated to 800°C.…”

One-pot facile co-precipitation synthesis of the layered Li1 + x (Mn0.6Ni0.2Co0.2)1 − x O2 as cathode materials with outstanding performance for lithium-ion batteries

“…Notoriously, the cathode with low capacity and high cost makes the development of lithium-ion batteries hit a bottleneck (limits). Thus, searching for advanced cathode materials with excellent performance has been on the top of agenda and the focus of research in the field of lithium-ion batteries in recent years [8][9][10][11].…”