Preparation and identification of antioxidant peptides from protein hydrolysate of skate ( Raja porosa ) cartilage

Anti-Fatigue Effect by Peptide Fraction from Protein Hydrolysate of Croceine Croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) Swim Bladder through Inhibiting the Oxidative Reactions including DNA Damage

“…Gel filtration chromatography is an effective separation technique on the basis of molecule size and widely applied to separate components in a mixture [10]. As shown in Figure 1, SBP-III was separated into four subfractions (SBP-III-1 to SBP-III-4) using a Sephadex G-25 column.…”

“…The data indicated that SBP-III-3 could effectively restrain the production of HO• and terminate the radical chain reaction. Pan et al reported that the hydrolysate subfraction from the skate ( Raja porosa ) cartilage protein using a Sephadex G-15 column had higher radical scavenging activity than other subfractions with smaller molecular size [10]. These results indicated that some factors, including amino acid composition and sequence, may also influence the activities of peptides in addition to the MW.…”

“…As shown in Figure 2A, the HO• scavenging rate of SBP-III-3 showed a dose-response relationship, and the EC 50 of SBP-III-3 was 0.867 mg/mL, which was lower than those of Pro–Ser–Tyr–Val (PSYV) (2.64 mg/mL) [18], Pro–Ser–Lys–Tyr–Glu–Pro–Phe–Val (PSKYEPFV) (2.86 mg/mL) [19], Pro–Tyr–Ser–Phe–Lys (PYSFK) (2.283 mg/mL), Gly–Phe–Gly–Pro–Leu (GFGPL) (1.612 mg/mL), Val–Gly–Gly–Arg–Pro (VGGRP) (2.055 mg/mL) [20], Phe–Ile–Met–Gly–Pro–Tyr (FIMGPY) (3.037 mg/mL), Gly–Pro–Ala–Gly–Asp–Tyr (GPAGDY) (3.92 mg/mL), and Ile–Val–Ala–Gly–Pro–Gln (IVAGPQ) (5.03 mg/mL) [10] from protein hydrolysates of weatherfish loach muscle, grass carp muscle and skin, and skate cartilages. SBP-III-3 showed good HO• scavenging activity, which demonstrated that it could serve as a scavenger for reducing the damage induced by HO• in biological systems.…”

“…Therefore, preparation of protein hydrolysates and peptides from fish byproducts are extensively researched [5,10]. Proteins in food resources possess a variety of active peptide sequences, and enzymatic hydrolysis is thought as an effective method to release those active fragments without destroying their nutritional value and adding hazardous substances, including residual organic solvents and toxic chemicals in the final products [4,5].…”

“…HO• attacks almost every molecule in living cells and is demonstrated to be a highly damaging species in free radical pathology. Thus, the removal of HO• is probably one of the most effective defenses against various diseases for a living body [10]. In our previous research, three antioxidant peptides including Tyr–Leu–Ser–Met–Ser–Arg (YLSMSR), Val–Leu–Tyr–Glu–Glu (VLYEE), and Met–Ile–Leu–Met–Arg (MILMR) were isolated from proteins hydrolysate of croceine croaker ( Pseudosciaena crocea ) muscle and showed strong DPPH•, HO•, superoxide anion radical (${\mathrm{normalO}}_2^{-}$•), and 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical (ABTS + •) scavenging activities [11].…”