Bundle-shaped TbPO 4 ⋅H 2 O nanorods have been prepared by a facile hydrothermal technique and characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectrum (DRS), photoluminescence (PL) spectrum, and lifetime. The results indicate that the obtained sample has hexagonal structure of TbPO 4 ⋅H 2 O and is composed of nanorods bundles which is assembled from many single crystalline nanorods with the diameter of around 45 nm and the length of 2.3 m. The growth of the single crystalline nanorod is along the (001) plane direction. Under the UV light irradiation, TbPO 4 ⋅H 2 O nanorods bundles exhibit bright green emission corresponding to the 5 D 4 → 7 F ( = 6, 5, 4, 3) transitions of the Tb 3+ ions, and the lifetime is determined to be about 0.24 ms.