Preparation and Mechanical Properties of a Novel Biomedical Magnesium-Based Scaffold

Abstract

Magnesium has been recently recognized as a biodegradable metal for bone substitute applications. In the present work, a novel magnesium based scaffold with a specific two-layer structure was prepared for powder metallurgical process. The outer layer of the scaffold shows an interconnected porous structure, so that the fresh fluid can be easily sent into the material, allowing the ingrowth of new bone tissue. The inner compact structure reinforced by the salt particles can increase the strength of the material. Structural characterizations and mechanical tests of the materials demonstrate that the structural and mechanical properties of the magnesium-based scaffold with an appropriate salt content prepared by the current method are quite comparable to those of cancellous bone. Therefore, the magnesium-based scaffold with such a two-layer structure has the potential to serve as degradable implants for bone substitute applications.

Innovative Human Three-Dimensional Tissue-Engineered Models as an Alternative to Animal Testing

“…Their porosity is highly tunable, affecting the stiffness and strength of the scaffold, the diffusion capacity, and the extent of the migration of the cells, playing with the density of the tissue generated [ 123 , 124 ]. Biodegradable porous metallic scaffolds can be made by selective laser melting [ 125 ], powder metallurgy [ 126 ], injection of inert gas into a melt [ 127 ], sintering of particles [ 128 ], vacuum foaming [ 129 ], investment casting [ 130 ], thixocasting [ 131 ], and other methods [ 122 ].…”

Mg-based porous metals as cancellous bone analogous material: A review

“…44 In general, the Young's modulus and maximum stress of porous Mg under compression increases with reduction of porosity and pore size. From the tabulated data (Table 1), the authors concluded that the compressive Wen et al [43][44][45] Pure Mg PM (Carbamide) 30-35 Yamada et al 46 AZ91 Infiltration casting -Zhuang et al 47 Pure Mg PM (Carbamide) 7, 38, 55 Fang et al 48 Pure Mg Laser perforation technique 42.6-51 Witte et al 49,50 AZ91D PM (Salt) 72-76 Gu et al 51 Pure Mg GASAR a 28 AE 1.3 Nguyen et al 52 Pure Mg Infiltration casting 35-80 Kirkland et al 53 Pure Mg Infiltration casting -Zhang et al 54 Pure Mg PM (Salt) -Seyedraoufi and Mirdamadi 55 Mg-Zn PM (Carbamide) 21, 29, 36 Kang et al 56 HA-coated Mg Spark plasma sintering (SPS) 50, 60, 70 Capek and Vojtech 57,58 Pure Mg PM (Carbonate hydrogen ammonium) 29-31 Trinidad et al 59 ZM20, ZMW200, ZXM200, AZ91E, and WE43…”

“…70–72 The porosity of porous Mg-based implants has an obvious relationship towards the mechanical properties of the implant. It has been reported from various studies of porous Mg-based materials 44,48,54,72–78 that increasing porosity resulted in a depreciation of the mechanical properties. In fact, increasing of pore size of porous Mg-based implants resulted in a decrease of the peak stress.…”