Preparation and Performance of In Situ Carbon-Coated Silicon Monoxide@C@carbon Microspheres Composite Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

Silicon monoxide (SiO)@carbon (C)@carbon microspheres (CMSs) composites with core-shell structures were prepared by the hydrothermal method combined with subsequent heat treatment, using glucose as a carbon source. scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that this process resulted in SiO particles that were uniformly coated by the pyrolytic carbon layer and surrounded by CMSs. With increasing quantities of glucose added, the cycle performances of SiO@C@CMSs composites were improved remarkably, with a moderate amount of glucose addition resulting in the greatest performance. Specifically, among the four composite samples, SiO@C@CMSs-2 had the best cycle performance, delivering a high initial capacity of 1024.5 mAh g -1 at 50 mA g -1 and a specific capacity of 638.6 mAh g -1 after 60 cycles at a current density of 200 mA g -1 . Even at a current density of 1.5 A g -1 , it was still able to deliver a reversible capacity of about 450 mAh g -1 . This was attributed to the formation of mesoporous carbon coating and CMSs by the hydrothermal synthesis of glucose. The mesoporous pyrolytic carbon coating of glucose increases the lithium ion diffusion rate and improves the conductivity of the material. At the same time, the volume expansion of the material during lithiation/delithiation is restrained by carbon coating and the CMSs serve as a buffer to alleviate volumetric stress.

In Situ Copper Coating on Silicon Particles Enables Long Durable Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…In particular, LIBs are widely used owing to the benefits of their portability, high energy density, and low self-discharge properties. The utilization of high-capacity and long-lasting anode materials is essential to the development of LIBs for heavy-duty electronic products and electric vehicles. − Silicon has emerged as a promising candidate due to its ultrahigh theoretical specific capacity (∼3579 mA h g –1 for Li 3.75 Si), low operating voltage, abundant resource reserves, and eco-friendly characteristics. − Despite the alluring prospects of silicon anodes, their large-scale implementation remains elusive. During the lithiation/delithiation processes, pure silicon materials exhibit volumetric expansion exceeding threefold, which in turn results in pulverization of the active constituents, continuous formation of solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) film, detachment from copper foil current collectors, and ultimately leads to rapid capacity decay .…”

“…To overcome these obstacles, researchers have employed a few methodologies, − among which carbon coating is undoubtedly one of the most exemplary modification techniques. In fabricated Si/C nanocomposites, such as yolk–shell structures and core–shell structures, − carbon inclusion can not only improve electrical conductivity but also effectively relieve the mechanical stress caused by volume expansion to enhance the cycle stability. ,,− Although these endeavors have yielded promising results, their practical application is limited by the complex preparation process of carbon-coated nanomaterials and low yield. − Additionally, carbon in Si/C nanocomposites often has lower crystallinity, conductivity, and mechanical strength, hindering its ability to achieve durable cycling performance in LIBs. , …”

Conductive single-walled carbon nanotubes synthesized using a Fe–Mo/MgO catalyst for LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 lithium-ion batteries

“…13 Among them, carbon nanotubes are also widely used in electrodes. [14][15][16][17] The rapid development of power, lithium-ion battery (LIB), and automobile industries is hindered by some problems such as the low energy density of LIBs, high internal resistance of LIBs, high internal consumption of LIBs, and so forth. [18][19][20][21][22] One of the most effective solutions to these problems is to use an electrically conductive additive while fabricating batteries.…”

Ginger-derived hierarchical porous carbon as an anode material for potassium-ion batteries and capacitors

“…[1][2][3] The current use of lithium-ion batteries in large-scale energy storage applications such as electric vehicles has led to a rapid depletion of available lithium supplies and an increase in costs. [4][5][6][7][8][9] As a result, addressing the demand for stationary energy storage at a low cost and with the fewest rare components possible has become critical. The scientific community has been focusing on sodium-ion batteries for the past decade or so, due to the abundance of sodium and the ''rocking chair'' electrochemical behavior similar to LIBs.…”