Preparation and performance of organic–inorganic halide perovskites

A promising alternative solvent of perovskite to induce rapid crystallization for high-efficiency photovoltaic devices

“…These lms can lead to an improvement in device performance of perovskite solar cells. 18 In contrast, drastically decreased absorption was observed in the spectra of DMF-based lms, which indicate their low nucleation rate and low surface coverage.…”

Recent progress in organic–inorganic halide perovskite solar cells: mechanisms and material design

“…Then the substrate was heated at 100 C for 15 or 45 min for crystallization of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 or CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3Àx Cl x perovskite. 17,18 The effects of perovskite thermal stability, 26 pore lling fraction, 27 coverage 28 and annealing temperature 29 were investigated based on the one-step method and the CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3Àx Cl x on compact TiO 2 (c-TiO 2 ), 28 mesoporous TiO 2 (m-TiO 2 ) 29 and mesoporous Al 2 O 3 (m-Al 2 O 3 ) 30 achieved PCEs of 11.4%, 11.66% and 12.3%, respectively. Interestingly, when a rapid thermal annealing at 130 C was applied, the PCE of the CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3Àx Cl x perovskite cell on compact TiO 2 reached 13.5%, due to the formation of micron-sized perovskite grains.…”

Perovskite processing for photovoltaics: a spectro-thermal evaluation

“…[12][13][14] Since these processing conditions are highly inuential on the nal device characteristics, it is important to understand fully the effect of these factors on the resulting lm. 6,12,13,15,16 In a number of studies, a perovskite lm cast from a precursor solution was air-dried for 30 min at room temperature in an inert atmosphere for 'slow solvent evaporation' prior to examining the effect of annealing on lm coverage, although these workers did not present a direct comparison between materials that had been 'pre-dried' in this manner and 'freshly deposited'. 12,14 Other studies have investigated the effect of different annealing temperatures on optical absorption of the nal lm, and have shown that elevated temperature is required for good optical absorption, and consequently device performance; 13 however, to the best of our knowledge, no work has yet been carried out quantifying solvent loss from the perovskite material during annealing.…”