“…Computational simulations complement our previous study on the interaction of a series of amino acids with a model rutile (110) surface [29] and support the experimental findings of a signifi-cant suppression of amino acids adsorption on rutile by Tris. Despite growing concerns regarding the reliability of Trisbuffered SBF solutions for in vitro testing of biomaterials, and the effort of various groups to present refined protocols [24], in vitro bioactivity tests are still very commonly performed using Tris [30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51]. Our results highlight and quantify the so-far mostly overlooked role of Tris and should motivate the scientific community to establish in vitro testing protocols that are free of Tris-induced artefacts.…”