Silicon carbide ceramic matrix composites have been widely used in aerospace, friction brake, fusion fields and so on, and become advanced high-temperature structural and functional composites, due to high specific strength and specific modulus, excellent ablation and oxidation resistance, high conductivity and good thermal shock resistance. This paper reviews the latest research progress in the preparation and the properties of silicon carbide matrix composites (CMC) with high thermal conductivity. Researchers have improved the thermal conductivity of silicon carbide matrix composites, including by introducing highly thermal conductive phases for reinforcing heat transport, such as diamond powders, mesophase pitch-based carbon fibers (MPCF) and so on, by optimizing the interface between pyrolytic carbon (PyC) and silicon carbide matrix for reducing interfacial thermal resistance, by heat-treating for obtaining silicon carbide matrix with higher crystallinity and better thermal conductivity, as well as designing the preform structure for establishing continuous thermal conduction path , etc. Additionally, the research interests of silicon carbide ceramic matrix composites are to explore the preparation with high efficiency and low cost by comprehensively considering the influencing factors of the performance of silicon carbide ceramic materials, and to obtain isotropic highly thermal conductive silicon carbide ceramic matrix composites with dimensional stability and excellent thermal and physical properties, by deeply analyzing the heat conduction mechanism of highly thermal conductive silicon carbide ceramic matrix composite, as well as flexibly using the structure-activity relationship between structure and performance.