Preparation and therapeutic evolution of Ficus benjamina solid lipid nanoparticles against alcohol abuse/antabuse induced hepatotoxicity and cardio-renal injury

Abstract

Chronic alcoholism destroys the propensity for hepatic detoxification of toxic substances, which further promotes the rapid and intense accumulation of aldehydes in the liver. Subsequently, chronic alcoholism exerts fatal liver and cardio-renal injury caused by fat deposition, dyslipidemia, inflammation and oxidative stress. The consequence becomes more perilous in disulfiram (potent aldehydes dehydrogenase inhibitor)-allied alcoholism, which further increases hepatic aldehyde accumulation by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase. Ficus benjamina (F. benjamina) is rich in phenolic and total flavonoid content and demonstrates effective antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antipyretic, hypotensive, anti-dysentery and antimicrobial properties. Numerous formulations of Ficus benjamina solid lipid nanoparticles (FBSLNP) were prepared and characterized using several physicochemical and drug stability parameters including entrapment efficiency, particle size, zeta potential, and TEM and in vitro drug release studies. In vivo evaluation of FBSLNP was carried out against hepatic and cardio-renal injury induced by concurrent administration of alcohol and disulfiram. Imperative recoveries in studies involving biological parameters including SGPT/SGOT, alkaline phosphatase level, lipid profile, serum protein and oxidative stress, and histological photomicrography revealed the hepatoprotective action of FBSLNP. Reduced levels of accumulated aldehydes in liver tissue were observed via gas chromatography, which confirmed the detoxifying nature of FBSLNP. Moreover, the restoration of aberrant cardio-renal biomarkers (CKMB, LDH, cTnI and serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and microproteinuria) and histological consequences significantly reveal the cardio-renal protective potential of FBSLNP against alcohol abuse/antabuse-associated injury. Considering the results, it may conclude that the significant protection by FBSLNP is based on its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and detoxification potential with regard to accumulated hepatic aldehydes.

An overview on natural product drug formulations from conventional medicines to nanomedicines: Past, present and future

“…Different formulations of FBSLNPs were prepared and characterized. The results revealed that FBSLNPs have hepatoprotective action and were able to reduce aldehydes levels in the liver tissues of animals [82].…”

Recent developments in solid lipid nanoparticle and surface-modified solid lipid nanoparticle delivery systems for oral delivery of phyto-bioactive compounds in various chronic diseases

“…171 Similarly, sesamol-loaded SLN also showed excellent hepatoprotection along with lower irritation when administered through oral delivery. 20,21,95,172 However, many phytocompounds that have shown excellent hepatoprotection have not yet been studied for their efficacy and bioavailability through SLN or MSLN delivery systems.…”

Applications of Nanocarriers as Drug Delivery Vehicles for Active Phytoconstituents

“…He and his team prepared SLNs loaded with the plant extract, with particle sizes that ranged from 20 to 50 nm and with an encapsulation efficiency range of 68 to 93%. The nanoemulsion was able to restore the serum biomarkers including, ALP, SGOT and SGPT, that were previously altered by simultaneous administration of alcohol and disulfiram [117]. In another study, gold nanoparticles conjugated with garlic showed a significant hepatoprotective effect.…”