Preparation, characterization, and in vivo evaluation of nano formulations of ferulic acid in diabetic wound healing

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is most common disorder characterize by hyperglycemia. Chronic hyperglycemia may lead to over production of free radicals thereby results in oxidative stress which impaired healing of wounds. Ferulic acid (FA) has been shown to have antidiabetic and antioxidant properties. The aim of the present study was to develop Ferulic acid nanoparticles and to study its hypoglycemic and wound healing activities. Ferulic acid-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (FA-PLGA) nanoparticles were prepared by nano precipitation method. The prepared FA-PLGA nanoparticles had an average size of 240 nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis showed the prepared FA-PLGA nanoparticles were spherical in shape. Drug encapsulation assay showed that 88.49% FA was encapsulated in PLGA. Carbopol 980 was used to formulate FA-PLGA nanoparticles loaded hydrogel. FA-loaded polymeric nanoparticles dispersion (oral administration) and FA-loaded polymeric nanoparticles based hydrogel (topical administration) treated wounds were found to epithelize faster as compared with diabetic wound control group. The hydroxyproline content increased significantly when compared with diabetic wound control. Therefore, the results indicate that FA significantly promotes wound healing in diabetic rats.

Plant-Based Antidiabetic Nanoformulations: The Emerging Paradigm for Effective Therapy

“…In addition, ferulic acid-chitosan nanoparticles showed excellent therapeutic effect in the reduction of blood glucose levels and enhancement of plasma insulin levels in diabetic rats compared to native ferulic acid [155]. Bairagi and co-workers claimed that both ferulic acid-PLGA nanoparticles and ferulic acid-PLGA nanoparticles-loaded carbopol 980 hydrogel exhibited a sustained release of ferulic acid from the respective formulations [304]. Oral administration of ferulic acid-PLGA nanosuspension was found to reciprocate hyperglycaemia more efficiently than free ferulic acid in wound-bearing diabetic rats [304].…”

“…Bairagi and co-workers claimed that both ferulic acid-PLGA nanoparticles and ferulic acid-PLGA nanoparticles-loaded carbopol 980 hydrogel exhibited a sustained release of ferulic acid from the respective formulations [304]. Oral administration of ferulic acid-PLGA nanosuspension was found to reciprocate hyperglycaemia more efficiently than free ferulic acid in wound-bearing diabetic rats [304]. In addition, ferulic-acid-PLGA nanosuspension treatment was also found to heal the diabetic wound [304].…”

“…Oral administration of ferulic acid-PLGA nanosuspension was found to reciprocate hyperglycaemia more efficiently than free ferulic acid in wound-bearing diabetic rats [304]. In addition, ferulic-acid-PLGA nanosuspension treatment was also found to heal the diabetic wound [304]. Topical ferulic-acid-PLGA nanogel could significantly heal the diabetic wound without improving glycaemic status [304].…”

Anti-tumour effects of red blood cell membrane-camouflaged black phosphorous quantum dots combined with chemotherapy and anti-inflammatory therapy

“…Day 0 (D0) was defined as the time when the tumour volume was about 100 mm 3 . The mice were randomly divided into six groups (n ¼ 5) and received tail intravenous injection of 100 lL PBS, BPQDs, DOX, DOX þ KIR, BPQDs-DOX/KIR and RBC@BPQDs-DOX/KIR, once a day for three days consecutively.…”

“…To address these issues, nanodrug delivery system has been developed in the past decades. By loading the chemotherapeutics into nanocarriers, the drug bioavailability can be increased while the toxic side effects are minimized [3]. Due to these merits, varieties of nanocarriers have been constructed, including liposomes, polymer nanocomposites, quantum dots and metal derived nanoparticles.…”