Preparation, Characterization and Properties of Novel Cationic Gemini Surfactants with Rigid Amido Spacer Groups

Abstract

A series of novel cationic gemini surfactants with rigid amido groups inserted as the spacers, named C12‐PPDA‐C12, C14‐PPDA‐C14 and C16‐PPDA‐C16, were synthesized by a two‐step reaction with dimethyl terephthalate, N,N‐dimethyl propylene diamine and alkyl bromide as raw materials. The chemical structures of the prepared compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H and 13C NMR and element analysis. Surface activity properties of the synthesized compounds were investigated by surface tension, electrical conductivity and fluorescence. Increasing the number of carbon atoms in the hydrophobic alkyl chain, decreased the critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface tension at the CMC and the minimum surface area. Other relevant properties including foaming ability and emulsion stability were investigated. The results indicated that the synthesized gemini surfactants possess good surface properties, emulsifying properties and steady foam properties.

Synthesis and Interface Activity of a Series of Dicarboxylic Cationic Surfactants and a Structure–Efficiency Relationship Study

“…However, the emulsification power presents a slight change when the concentrations rise to 5.0 g L −1 , where the order is CTASE<CTASU<CTAA<CTAG<CTAO<CTAM. The result is in good agreement with the reported general tendency that the surfactant solution concentration can directly exert a different influence on the emulsification power (Xu et al, ). Seen from Fig.…”

Synthesis, Surface Activity, Thermodynamic Parameters, and Performance Evaluation of Branched Carboxylate Gemini Surfactants

“…This means that the synthesized 3C n taDA have weak emulsifying power, and that they cannot be used as emulsifiers. This result is in accordance with those of other oligomeric surfactants (Hu et al, 2016;Tai et al, 2012;Xu et al, 2015).…”

“…This value is less than that of A min of sodium laurate (0.69 nm 2 ), and this means that the 3C 12 taDA molecules arrange more tightly in the interfacial film, and that the mechanical strength of formed interfacial film is higher. The long alkyl chains of the surfactant molecules have a strong hydrophobic effect and enhance the ability to damage the structure of the water phase (Xu et al, ). The strong interaction between long alkyl chains can increase the viscoelasticity of the interfacial film, hence, improve the mechanical strength of the film (Mohd et al, ).…”

Gemini Surfactants Virtual Issue

“…Gemini surfactants with the double bond in the trans ‐configuration showed better surface properties than the cis ‐isomers. Liu et al () and Xu et al () reported on the preparation, characterization, and properties of cationic Gemini surfactants with rigid spacer groups. The Gemini surfactants show enhanced surface activity and emulsification properties.…”