Preparation, Characterization, and Sensing Behavior of Polydiacetylene Liposomes Embedded in Alginate Fibers

Abstract

Polydiacetylene (PDA)-doped calcium alginate fibers were created by the solution blending of polymerized 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid liposomes with sodium alginate in water prior to extrusion. The liposomes maintained their blue color during wet spinning and drying of the fibers but changed to red with exposure to specific external stimuli (heat, solvent, and chemical). In the latter case, the color change only occurred when the fibers were sufficiently permeable for the reacting species to reach the interior. A parameter termed the "Raman response" (RR) has been developed to quantify the amount of PDA liposomes in each of two critical conformations within the fibers. The RR attributes a quantitative measure of PDA response to individual stimuli. This method provides advantages over the commonly used "colorimetric response" in systems where sample limitations and chromophore activity make UV-vis spectroscopic measurements difficult or inaccurate. PDA liposomes are shown to effectively add a versatile sensing component to alginate fibers.

Co-assemblies of polydiacetylenes and metal ions for solvent sensing

“…4,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Most PDAs appear with an intense blue color related to an absorption maximum at a wavelength l max of around 640 nm. External stimuli such as temperature, [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]15 pH, 16,17 stress, 18 ions, 19 solvents, 20 ligands, 21 and biomaterials cause a color change to the red phase with l max around 550 nm. 22 The intriguing stimuli-responsive color change properties [23][24][25] show potential for applications in sensing.…”

Constructing π-Electron-Conjugated Diarylbutadiyne-Based Polydiacetylene under Molecular Framework Controlled by Hydrogen Bond and Side-Chain Substituent Position

“…Polydiacetylenes (PDAs) are unique linear π‐electron‐conjugated polymers derived from the topochemical polymerization of the corresponding diacetylene monomers, by a solid‐state polymerization on exposure to UV, X‐ray, γ‐ray, or electron beams . PDAs have attracted great interest due to their electronic and optical properties, for many unique applications, especially in light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) and sensors . In fact, PDAs are potential sensing materials because of their ability to undergo color change in response to various external stimuli such as temperature, pH, solvent, and host–guest interactions …”

“…[1][2][3] PDAs have attracted great interest due to their electronic and optical properties, for many unique applications, especially in light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) [ 4,5 ] and sensors. [6][7][8][9] In fact, PDAs are potential sensing materials because of their ability to undergo color change in response to various external stimuli such as temperature, [10][11][12] pH, [ 10,13 ] solvent, [ 14 ] and host-guest interactions. [15][16][17] It was reported that the preparation of PDAs by photo chemical polymerization requires the imbalance of electronic density distribution and assembly of diacetylene monomers in an appropriate arrangement to favor 1,4-addition polymerization.…”

Polydiacetylene sensor interaction with food sanitizers and surfactants

“…Hauschild et al (2005) used different lipids to form lipid vesicles with the ink-jet printing method and reported 100 nm and 130 nm in diameter. Kauffman et al (2009) reported a bimodal particle distribution with largest particle size of 144 ± 22 nm in diameter using a more traditional sonication method. Sonication is a much cruder process compared to the inkjet method.…”