Preparation of a Kaolinite–Nylon 6 Intercalation Compound

Abstract

A kaolinite–nylon 6 intercalation compound was prepared by the polymerization of 6-aminohexanoic acid (AHA) in the interlayer space of kaolinite. The intercalation of AHA was achieved by a guest displacement reaction using a kaolinite–methanol intercalation compound as an intermediate. After AHA dissolved in a mixed solvent of methanol and water (1 : 3) was added to a kaolinite–methanol intercalation compound, the mixture was stirred for 3 h. The basal spacing of the product increased to 1.23 nm, indicating the intercalation of AHA molecules with a monolayer arrangement between the layers of kaolinite. AHA was polymerized by a heat treatment at 250 °C for 1 h under a nitrogen flow. Although the basal spacing of the heat-treated product slightly decreased to 1.16 nm, the spacing was larger than those of kaolinite and the kaolinite–methanol intermediate. The formation of a kaolinite-nylon 6 intercalation compound was confirmed by the appearance of IR bands due to amide I (1637 cm−1) and amide II (1550 cm−1).

High-capacity loading of 5-fluorouracil on the methoxy-modified kaolinite

“…In previous studies, the methoxy-modified kaolinite has been used as a host to load some organic guests into the interlayer space through an intercalation route. The intercalated organic guests include ε-caprolactam (Komori et al, 1999a), poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (Komori et al, 1999b), alkylamines (Komori et al, 1999c), p-nitroaniline (Kuroda et al, 1999;Takenawa et al, 2001), nylon-6 (Matsumura et al, 2001), and some quaternary ammonium salts (Kuroda et al, 2011). However, the use of the interlayer space of the methoxy-modified kaolinite for the loading of drugs has not yet been explored.…”

Physical Chemistry of Intercalated System

“…This is a convenient way for formation of clays and nanocomposites based on condensation type of polymers, for example, ω-amino acids with a short carbon chain, β-alanine [H 2 N-(CH 2 ) 2 COOH], 6-aminocaproic acid [H 2 N-(CH 2 ) 5 COOH]. Taking into account that direct formation of compounds of 6-aminocaproic acid insertion is hindered by its relatively large dimensions and low intercalation ability it is more often intercalated in vermiculite or indirect way is used, guest-substitution reaction, when kaolin-methanol intercalate is used for intermediate [27]. Polymerization is performed via heating during 1 h at 250 C in nitrogen flow.…”

“…It can be assumed that under respective conditions monomers fill almost all volume of pores or interlayer distance. The next oxidizing polymerization is governed by molecular 5.20 X-ray diffraction patterns of (a) kaolinite, (b) a kaolinite-methanol intercalation compound prepared wetchemically, and (c, d ) a kaolinite-6-aminohexanoic acid intercalation compound before and after heat treatment at 520 K, respectively [27] oxygen acting as electron acceptor in presence of redox-active host, catalyst of electron transport, for example, Fe 3+ , Cu 2+ . Widely known are hybrid nanocomposites based on polyconjugated conductive polymers, such as polyaniline (PAn), poly(2-ethylaniline), poly-n-phenylene, polythiophene, polypyrrole (PPy) and polyacrylonitrile (followed by pyrolysis), and on various mineral matrices.…”

“…However, there were technological drawbacks: these methods had low correlation with polymer production and demanded great amounts of organic solvents. At the beginning of 1990s more convenient technique appeared on the basis of PEO (polyethylene-oxide) and MMT (montmorillonite), which advantageously demonstrated the intercalation process in the polymer melt, as well as potential applications of the obtained products in solid phase electrolytes of recharged lithium batteries.However, highly promising commercial strategy in this problem was formulated after the group of researchers of Toyota company [24][25][26] had found extraordinary strengthening of mechanical properties of polymer-layered nylon-based nanocomposites, which was caused by extremely large surface contacts of the ingredients and high aspect ratio reached in the intercalation/exfoliation process, and by homogenous dispersion of silica plates in the polymer matrix [27,28]. On the one hand, these functional materials have a relation to nanocomposites via…”

Comparative study of nanocomposites of polyolefin compatibilizers containing kaolinite and montmorillonite organoclays

“…In this second step, the precursor is mainly substituted from other molecules and the basal spacing is incremented. [35][36][37] Despite the inherent difficulty of kaolinite to be organomodified, this clay also has a very high aspect ratio and previous works show more favorable barrier properties and polymer stability than using montmorillonite. 23 Montmorillonite is a 2 : 1 phyllosilicate.…”