Preparation of a new coating of graphene oxide/nickel complex on a nickelized metal surface for direct immersion solid phase microextraction of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Abstract

Background Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a versatile sampling and sample preparation technology that possess a significant application in the extraction and pre-concentration of a broad range of micro-pollutants from different kind of matrices. Selection and preparation of an appropriate fiber substrate and coating materials have always been the main challenges of the SPME procedure. This paper introduces a high-efficiency metal-based SPME fiber with a new chemical coating of nickel/graphene oxide/nickel tetraazamacrocyclic complex (Ni/GO/NiTAM). Result The Ni/GO/NiTAM sorbent was electroless deposited onto the surface of an aluchrom (Alu) wire, and then the prepared fiber was employed for the extraction and pre-concentration of some PAHs before their HPLC–UV analysis. The prepared fiber characterization data were assessed using FE-SEM, EDX, XRD, FT-IR, and BET techniques. The method validation parameters, including the linearity range (LRs: 0.10 to 200.0 µg L−1), the limit of detection (LODs: 0.03‒0.30 µg L−1), and the limit of quantification (LOQs: 0.10–1.00 µg L−1), under optimal conditions. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of intra-day, inter-day, and single fiber repeatability (for the samples spiked at 25 µg L‒1) were in the range of 0.32–2.94, 1.20–4.09, and 1.42‒4.39%, respectively. In addition, the technique recoveries (RR %) and enrichment factors (EF) were in the range of 83.10‒107.80% and 83–164, respectively. Conclusion The fiber fabrication was simple, and the applied materials were also economical and easily accessible. Alu metal has high physicochemical and mechanical stability and thus can be a good alternative for the substrate of the fragile commercial SPME fibers. High rigidity and durability, long service life, and high extraction capability are some of the other advantages of the offered fiber.

Introduction of a Zn-based metal–organic framework @ biomass porous activated carbon as a high-sensitive coating for a stainless steel SPME fiber: application to the simultaneous analysis of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

“…After 15 min, the fiber was removed and immediately inserted into 2 mL methanol for the chemical desorption (5 min). In the following, to prevent dilution effects, improve the technique sensitivity, and adapt the desorption solvent with the chromatographic mobile phase, the solution containing analytes has been evaporated under the nitrogen stream to dry [ 4 ]. Finally, the dried samples were dissolved in 100 µL acetonitrile and injected into an HPLC-UV device to analyze.…”

“…The SPME potential and its main advantages (simplicity, low price, compatibility with different analytical systems, automation, and solvent-free extraction) cause special attention to applying it in micro-pollutants analysis [ 3 ]. Despite the mentioned benefits, this method possesses some weaknesses, including fragility, bending of the fiber needle, limited numbers of commercially available sorbents, thermal instability, swelling and stripping of coating materials, and low extraction capability [ 4 ]. Consequently, different specialized solutions have been suggested to overcome these concerns such as electrochemical and physical coating technologies, employing flexible metallic substrates, and utilizing new adsorbents (for example carbonaceous materials and pristine biomaterials) [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Introduction of a bio-waste/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite as a new bio-sorbent for the solid-phase extraction of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

“…Wheat, smoked rice, tomato and potato were selected as the real samples to estimate the proposed technique efficiency. The samples were prepared exactly as the same as reported in our previous works [8,11].…”

“…Open J Clin Med Images. 2022; 2(1): 1029. and bio-material wastes (bio-waste) have been used to prepare low-cost, eco-friendly, and high-capacity bio-sorbents [8]. These kinds of sorbents can utilize for the extraction and removal of organic and inorganic pollutants from the different matrices.…”