Preparation of activated carbon from lignin by chemical activation

Hoshino, Junichi; Kazehaya, Atsuo; Muroyama, Katsuhiko; Watkinson, A. P.

doi:10.1016/s0008-6223(00)00027-0

Cited by 675 publications

(338 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Activated carbons prepared by ZnCl 2 at 600 • C as optimum temperature were also used by other researchers. [10,11] The increase in porosity with temperature in the low temperature regime can be attributed to the release of tars from the cross-linked framework generated by treatment of the chemical reagents. The temperature increase in the higher temperature (700 • C) regime induces shrinkage in the carbon structure, leading to a reduction in porosity.…”

Section: Carbonization Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Pore structure of activated carbon prepared from hazelnut bagasse by chemical activation

Demiral

Tümsek

et al. 2008

Surface & Interface Analysis

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Section: Carbonization Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Pore structure of activated carbon prepared from hazelnut bagasse by chemical activation

Demiral

Tümsek

et al. 2008

Surface & Interface Analysis

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“…However, both activated carbons had the highest iodine adsorption (approximately 480 mg/g) at a carbonization temperature of 700 C. Also, the average iodine adsorption of the 2 types of activated carbon that were carbonized at 600 C was 330 mg/g, which was significantly higher than that of activated carbon that was produced at 800 C and 900 C (average 210 mg/g). High temperature adversely affects carbon structure, because the heat shrinkage of the carbon structure decreases the surface area and pore volume (Hayashi et al, 2000;Yang and Qiu, 2010). As shown in Figure 1, the increase in carbonization time did not improve iodine adsorption.…”

Section: Effect Of Carbonization Time and Temperaturementioning

confidence: 95%

Production of granular activated carbon from food-processing wastes (walnut shells and jujube seeds) and its adsorptive properties

Bae

Kim

Chung

2014

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Commercial activated carbon is a highly effective absorbent that can be used to remove micropollutants from water. As a result, the demand for activated carbon is increasing. In this study, we investigated the optimum manufacturing conditions for producing activated carbon from ligneous wastes generated from food processing. Jujube seeds and walnut shells were selected as raw materials. Carbonization and steam activation were performed in a fixed-bed laboratory electric furnace. To obtain the highest iodine number, the optimum conditions for producing activated carbon from jujube seeds and walnut shells were 2 hr and 1.5 hr (carbonization at 700 C) followed by 1 hr and 0.5 hr (activation at 1000 C), respectively. The surface area and iodine number of activated carbon made from jujube seeds and walnut shells were 1,477 and 1,184 m 2 /g and 1,450 and 1,200 mg/g, respectively. A pore-distribution analysis revealed that most pores had a pore diameter within or around 30-40 Å, and adsorption capacity for surfactants was about 2 times larger than the commercial activated carbon, indicating that waste-based activated carbon can be used as alternative.Implications: Wastes discharged from agricultural and food industries results in a serious environmental problem. A method is proposed to convert food-processing wastes such as jujube seeds and walnut shells into high-grade granular activated carbon. Especially, the performance of jujube seeds as activated carbon is worthy of close attention. There is little research about the application of jujube seeds. Also, when compared to two commercial carbons (Samchully and Calgon samples), the results show that it is possible to produce high-quality carbon, particularly from jujube seed, using a one-stage, 1,000 C, steam pyrolysis. The preparation of activated carbon from food-processing wastes could increase economic return and reduce pollution.

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“…Activated carbons are extensively used as adsorbent, catalyst, catalyst carrier, gas or electric energy storage, electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) electrode material, in the fields of food, medicine, chemical industry, and environmental protection [6]. Actually, almost any carbonaceous material can be converted into activated carbon, and the preparation methods of ACs were predominately includes carbonization and activation [7][8][9]. Generally, the raw materials of ACs can be roughly divided into two categories of plants and minerals according to the sources [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Activated Carbons from Waste External Thermal-Insulating Phenolic Foam Boards

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Activated carbons (ACs) were prepared by steam physical activation or KOH chemical activation with the waste external thermal-insulating phenolic foam board as the raw material. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific area, pore-size distribution and iodine value were used to characterize the properties of ACs. AC-1(with the method of KOH chemical activation) has the iodine value of 2300mg/g, BET specific area of 1293 m 2 g -1 , average pore-size of 2.4 nm, and mainly composed of micropore and relatively small mesopore. AC-2(with the method of steam physical activation) has the iodine value of 1665mg/g. Compared with AC-2, AC-1 had a pore-size distribution with more evenly and relative concentrated, it's belonging to the high microporosity materials. Actually, chemical activation had more significant influence on destruction of the pore wall than physical activation.

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Preparation of activated carbon from lignin by chemical activation

Cited by 675 publications

References 23 publications

Pore structure of activated carbon prepared from hazelnut bagasse by chemical activation

Pore structure of activated carbon prepared from hazelnut bagasse by chemical activation

Production of granular activated carbon from food-processing wastes (walnut shells and jujube seeds) and its adsorptive properties

Preparation of Activated Carbons from Waste External Thermal-Insulating Phenolic Foam Boards

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