Preparation of activated carbon from western Canadian high rank coals

Activated carbon production from low ash subbituminous coal with CO2 activation

“…It can be observed that the average pore diameter calculated from the surface area and pore volume increases as the activation temperature is elevated. Similar results have been reported by other studies (Kovacik et al, 1995;Teng et al, 1996) in the preparation of activated carbon. The transport phenomena during the course of carbon gasification may explain the results.…”

Preparation of activated carbons from Zonguldak region coals by physical and chemical activations for hydrogen sorption

“…It was reported in literature that air is not widespread used as oxidant, although lower activation temperatures could be used, as carbon-oxygen reactions are exothermic and can result in thermal runaway and extreme burn off [21]. Many complex activation processes have also been reported [16][17][18][19][20][21]. One of the important advantages of the chemical process over the physical process is that the yield tends to be greater as carbon burn off is not required in chemical process.…”

“…These chemical reagents may promote the constitution of cross-links, leading to the constitution of rigid matrix, less prone to volatile loss and volume contraction upon heating to high temperatures [1,[15][16][17]. The physical activation process consists of a preliminary thermal treatment of the carbonaceous precursor in an inert environment, called pyrolysis followed by suitable activation of the resulting char using steam or carbon dioxide [18][19][20]. It was reported in literature that air is not widespread used as oxidant, although lower activation temperatures could be used, as carbon-oxygen reactions are exothermic and can result in thermal runaway and extreme burn off [21].…”

Production of activated carbons from waste tyres for low temperature NOx control

“…Physical activation involves pyrolysis of the feedstock followed by the activation of the resultant char with steam or CO2 as the activating agent (Wigmans, 1989;Kovacik et al, 1995;Hayashi et al, 2000). In chemical activation, the precursor is impregnated or mixed with chemical agents such as KOH, NaOH, H3PO4 and K2CO3 which promotes the formation of cross-links and the formation of a carbon with a rigid matrix Lozano-Castello et al, 2001;Oh and Park, 2002;Lim et al, 2010;Nowicki et al, 2010;Nahil and Williams, 2012;;Illingworth et al, 2012).…”