Preparation of agricultural residue anion exchangers and its nitrate maximum adsorption capacity

Orlando, U.S.; Baes, Aloysius U.; Nishijima, Wataru; Okada, Minoru

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(02)00147-9

Cited by 180 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Two grams of lignin were dispersed in 25 mL of N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) in a 250 mL 3-necked round bottom flask for 1 h (Orlando et al 2002b). A 20 mL aliquot of epichlorohydrin was added, and the mixture was stirred for 1 h at 70 °C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Lignin-Based Anion Exchangers and their Utilization for Nitrate Removal

Wang

Liu

et al. 2013

BioResources

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Lignin-based anion exchangers (L-AE) were prepared by reacting lignin with epichlorohydrin and triethylamine in the presence of N,Ndimethylformamide and a catalyst. A multi-factor and multi-level orthogonal design of experiment was carried out in order to obtain the optimal conditions for the preparation of lignin-based anion exchangers. The optimized parameters including the dosages of catalysts, the amounts of triethylamine, graft reaction time, and the graft reaction temperature were defined. Data of nitrate removal and yield were used as performance indicators of the products prepared. The results indicated that the reaction temperature was the primary factor. The optimal synthesis reaction parameters were lignin:pyridine:triethylamine = 2 g:3 mL:12 mL. The optimal experimental temperature was 70 °C, and the reaction time was 7 h. The yield was 188.6% and the nitrate removal was 91.2%. Under some reaction conditions, the yields were found greater than 100%; this was due to the grafted mass from epoxidation with epichlorohydrin and quaternization (through the reaction of epoxide with triethylamine).

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Lignin-Based Anion Exchangers and their Utilization for Nitrate Removal

Wang

Liu

et al. 2013

BioResources

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“…Since no relevant pH differences were observed (Table 2), this could be due to the higher retention capacity of the pine bark. Orlando et al (2002) pointed out the higher nitrate adsorption capacity of pine bark (1.06mmol/g) in comparison with the coconut husk (0.89 mmol/g).…”

Section: Nitrate and Metals In Leachatesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Basically, two-thirds of the agricultural residues are composed of polysaccharides (cellulose and hemicelluloses) (Sjostrom and Alen, 1999). Cellulose is the most abundant natural polymer and has three reactive hydroxyl groups in every constitutional glucose unit, but no correlation was Table 1 Main physical characteristics of substrates 19.2 a 6.6 a 5.7 a 1.9 a found by Orlando et al (2002) between the maximum nitrate adsorption and the cellulose content. The same authors showed the higher nitrate adsorption capacity of pine bark (1.06mmol/g) in comparison with the coconut husk (0.89 mmol/g).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between pine bark and coconut husk sorption capacity of metals and nitrate when mixed with sewage sludge

Hernández‐Apaolaza

Guerrero

2008

Bioresource Technology

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Waste products such as biosolids and wood wastes have been frequently used in container production of plants. The use of biosolids in agriculture is a beneficial mean of recycling the by-products of waste-water treatment. However, care must be taken to avoid environmental or human health problems via run-off and leaching.The objective of this work is to compare the retention capacity of cadmium, lead, zinc and nitrate between pine bark (PB) and coconut fibre (F) when mixed with increasing amounts of composted sewage sludge (CSS) (0%, 15% and 30% (v/v)). Substrates were packed into leaching columns and irrigated with deionised water every 2 days. Leachates were collected during 1 month, and nitrate, Zn, Cd, Pb, EC and pH were monitored along the experiment. PB columns leached lower amount of nitrate than the coconut fibre ones. The same trend was observed for Zn, Cd and Pb. It could be said, that in order to minimize the environmental risks of using sewage sludges our results indicate that it is preferred to mix the sludge with pine bark instead than with coconut husk.

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“…During the amination reaction, the hydroxy lignin ether was cyclized by the catalyst existing in the alkaline condition to produce the epoxy lignin ether. Reaction with triethylamine is believed to occur after ring opening of the epoxide group and condensation through chloromethyl group in an excess of epichlorohydrin (Biçak and Şenkal, 1998;Orlando et al 2002b;Gao et al 2009). The free electrons of the N atom of triethylamine can attack the C atom in the epoxy group of the epoxidized lignin, triethylamine and epoxidized are then covalently together.…”

Section: Mechanism Analysis Reaction Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Lignin-Based Quaternary Amine Anion Exchangers in NaOH Solutions and their Characteristics

Bo¹,

Wang²

2014

BioResources

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A lignin-based quaternary amine anion exchanger (LQAE) modified from raw lignin was synthesized after the reaction with epichlorohydrin and triethylamine using an NaOH solution as the basic solvent. The reaction mechanism of the experiment was explored and validated. Effect of reaction conditions on the preparation of LQAE were investigated. The performance of the LQAE was characterized by FTIR, SEM, and elemental analysis. The adsorption rate and yield were the measurable indicators, and when the NaOH concentration was 6 M, the nitrate adsorption capacity and the yield were 36.7 mg nitrate/g anion exchanger lignin and 123.6%, respectively.

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Preparation of agricultural residue anion exchangers and its nitrate maximum adsorption capacity

Cited by 180 publications

References 12 publications

Preparation of Lignin-Based Anion Exchangers and their Utilization for Nitrate Removal

Preparation of Lignin-Based Anion Exchangers and their Utilization for Nitrate Removal

Comparison between pine bark and coconut husk sorption capacity of metals and nitrate when mixed with sewage sludge

Preparation of Lignin-Based Quaternary Amine Anion Exchangers in NaOH Solutions and their Characteristics

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