“…Up to now, a variety of materials have been investigated as SPME coatings, such as carbon-based materials, metal oxides, metal–organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, and polymers, etc. [ 8 , 9 , 10 ], wherein carbon-based materials displayed glorious extraction performance towards non-polar and slightly polar compounds because of their hydrophobicity and ease of functionalization [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. As a type of zero-dimensional carbon-based material, carbon dots (CDs) have been widely used in various fields, such as chemical sensing, biosensing, drug delivery, catalysis, etc.…”