Preparation of Al/Fe-Pillared Clays: Effect of the Starting Mineral

Muñoz, Helir-Joseph; Blanco, Carolina; Gil, Antonio; Vicente, M.A.; Galeano, Luis-Alejandro

doi:10.3390/ma10121364

Cited by 39 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…It is evident that pillaring leads to an increase in the interlayer spacing, the distance (d 001 ) is increased from 15.3 A˚ for purified bentonite up to 19.4 A˚ for Fe-Al/B, which indicates that the pillaring process is proven successful. This result is better than what is found in the literature [13][14][15].…”

Section: Toluene Oxidationcontrasting

confidence: 80%

Fe-Al-Pillared Clay Used for Conversion of Toluene Through Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation

Mèçabih¹

2018

PSE

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In the present paper, the wet peroxide oxidation of toluene to benzaldehyde, which is great industrially important, is studied on solid catalyst. The catalyst (Fel  −Al) pillared bentonite (Fe−Al/B) is successfully prepared by cation exchanging of purified bentonite (B) with mixed hydroxyl-(Al-Fe) pillaring solution made from hydrolysis of corresponding metal salts with OH/M 3+ =2.5 (M=Al 3+ , Fe 3+), followed by calcination at 500°C to convert hydroxyl-Al and hydroxyl-Fe into intercalated polycations. Characterization studies are performed by use of chemical composition, XRD, SEM, TEM and analysis of N 2 adsorption/desorption. The basal spacing (d 001) and specific surface area of samples increased from 15.3 Å and 91.57cm 2 /g in the B to 19.4 Å and 229.75cm 2 /g in the Al−Fe/B. The Fe−Al/B clay catalyst has proved to be promising in toluene oxidation with H 2 O 2 , selectively forming benzaldehyde under the working conditions. The toluene conversion and the product distribution largely depended on the catalyst and oxidant concentrations and the nature of the solvent. Higher conversion of toluene and greater selectivity for benzaldehyde is obtained with acetinitrile solvent.

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Section: Toluene Oxidationcontrasting

confidence: 80%

Fe-Al-Pillared Clay Used for Conversion of Toluene Through Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation

Mèçabih¹

2018

PSE

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“…The total weight percentage in the three metals for Fe/Cu/Zr-APILC and Fe/Cu/Zr-KPILC resulted in 26.2 and 29.8%, respectively. It is also evidenced that the solids modified with Fe/Cu/Zr have lower Si/Al ratios (Si/Al < 3.7) than in the Zr-PILCs (Si/Al > 4.1), meaning that oxides got preferentially stabilized in the interlayer space of the clay, following the targeted cationic exchange mechanism [29]. Several works [13,14,[30][31][32] dealing with different natural clays, modified with Al, Fe and Cu metal cations to produce pillared interlayered catalysts (Al/Fe, Al/Cu and Al/Cu/Fe), show to incre-ment appreciably the catalytic activity of the respective natural clays in CWPO processes.…”

Section: Empmentioning

confidence: 95%

Pillared clays from natural resources as catalysts for catalytic wet peroxide oxidation: Characterization and kinetic insights

Kalmakhanova

Tuesta

Massalimova

et al. 2019

Environmental Engineering Research

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Pillared clays with Zr and Fe/Cu/Zr polycations have been prepared from natural clays found in large deposits of Kazakhstan and assessed as catalysts for the catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO), using 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) as model compound. The performance of the catalysts was followed by measuring the concentration of 4-NP, H2O2 and the total organic carbon (TOC), considering C4-NP = 5 g L-1 , CH 2 O 2 = 17.8 g L-1 , Ccat = 2.5 g L-1 , initial pH = 3.0 and T = 50°C. At those selected conditions, the pillared clays showed higher activity than natural clays in the CWPO of 4-NP. The conversion of the model pollutant was complete when Fe/Cu/Zr-PILCs were used, with the TOC removal reaching 78.4% after 24 h with the best Fe/Cu/Zr-PILC. The H2O2, 4-NP and TOC time-evolution was well described by a kinetic model based on TOC lumps in three blocks, considering the initial TOC (corresponding to 4-NP), the production of oxidizable intermediates and the formation of refractory products.

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“…The treatment of waste brick with sodium hydroxide solution improved the removal properties of the waste brick towards basic blue 41 [33] due to the increase of hydroxide anions, in other words, to the increase of the negative charges on the surfaces. The origin of clay minerals affected its chemical properties and its resulting derived materials [37][38][39][40]. The resulting bricks varied in chemical and textural compositions from one place to another, depending on their geological origin and the presence of organic and inorganic impurities [41][42][43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waste Bricks Applied as Removal Agent of Basic Blue 41 from Aqueous Solutions: Base Treatment and Their Regeneration Efficiency

et al. 2019

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Waste brick materials were applied as removal materials of basic blue 41 (BB-41) from artificially contaminated water. They were characterized by different techniques prior their use. A series of removal tests were carried out at different conditions, such as a dosage effect, pH value, initial concentrations, and chemical treatment. The removal results indicated that the two untreated waste bricks had limited removal capacities of basic blue 41, ranging from 19 to 30 mg/g. However, these values were improved upon treatment with NaOH solution or by increasing the removal temperature. Waste brick collected from the Medina area (Med-WB) exhibited higher removal capacity compared to the one collected from the Jeddah area (Jed-WB), with a maximum removal capacity of 60 mg/g at 60 °C. The pH of the BB-41 solution also played an important factor, as it improved the removal amounts from 25 mg/g to 45 mg/g at initial concentration of 200 mg/L. The regenerative process was studied using oxidative reaction of the removed basic blue 41 with a solution of oxone and cobalt nitrate. The efficiency was maintained after 5 runs for Med-WB, with a slight variation of 25%, while it felt to 50% for Jed-WB material after three runs. These data indicate that the waste brick materials present as potential candidates for the dye removal and their origin has to be identified.

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Preparation of Al/Fe-Pillared Clays: Effect of the Starting Mineral

Cited by 39 publications

References 48 publications

Fe-Al-Pillared Clay Used for Conversion of Toluene Through Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation

Fe-Al-Pillared Clay Used for Conversion of Toluene Through Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation

Pillared clays from natural resources as catalysts for catalytic wet peroxide oxidation: Characterization and kinetic insights

Waste Bricks Applied as Removal Agent of Basic Blue 41 from Aqueous Solutions: Base Treatment and Their Regeneration Efficiency

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