Preparation of Artificial Seawater1

Kester, Dana R.; Duedall, Iver W.; Connors, Donald N.; Pytkowicz, Ricardo M.

doi:10.4319/lo.1967.12.1.0176

Cited by 1,094 publications

(643 citation statements)

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“…However, sea salt is a complex mixture ( Table 2) that contains hygroscopic salts such as MgCl 2 Á6H 2 O. 118,119 As a result, even at low relative humidity, the surface of sea salt particles has a liquid layer that is concentrated in the least soluble salts such as those associated with magnesium. 119,120 Surface reactions of such liquid layers can be quite different both in terms of kinetics and the mechanisms.…”

Section: Chemistry At the Interface Of Sea Salt Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactions at surfaces in the atmosphere: integration of experiments and theory as necessary (but not necessarily sufficient) for predicting the physical chemistry of aerosols

Finlayson-Pitts

2009

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

231

272

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Section: Chemistry At the Interface Of Sea Salt Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactions at surfaces in the atmosphere: integration of experiments and theory as necessary (but not necessarily sufficient) for predicting the physical chemistry of aerosols

Finlayson-Pitts

2009

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

231

272

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“…Media were prepared either with half-strength, aged, filtered (0.45 pm) seawater (suffix SW) or with artificial seawater (suffix ASW) having a salinity of 3.5 % (wlv) (Kester et al, 1967). Unless otherwise stated, the pH of all media was 7.3 to 7.5.…”

Section: E T H O D Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Planctomyces maris sp. nov.: a Marine Isolate of the Planctomyces-Blastocaulis Group of Budding Bacteria

Bauld¹,

Staley

1976

Journal of General Microbiology

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A new marine strain of the Planctomyces-Blastocaulis group of stalked, budding bacteria was isolated : the name Planctomyces maris is proposed. Cells were spherical to ovoid, exhibited longitudinal symmetry and had a single fibrillar appendage located at one pole of mature cells. Reproduction occurred by budding at the opposite pole of the cell. The resulting daughter cell was motile by a single subpolar flagellum. The organism was an obligately aerobic, mesophilic heterotroph which utilized 15 of 81 carbon sources tested for growth. It grew slowly, the shortest doubling time recorded being 13 h at 30 "C. The DNA base composition was 50-5 mol % (G + C). Significant growth occurred only at salinities of 1-5 to 4.0 % (w/v), and in the presence of at least IOO mM-NaC1, suggesting that the bacterium is indigenous to the marine environment.

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“…The effect of NaCl on growth was examined by using NMS-SP medium supplemented with 2, 3, 5 and 6 % (w/v) NaCl. To obtain lower concentrations of NaCl (0, 0.5 and 1 %), artificial seawater (Kester et al, 1967) with various concentrations of NaCl was used to prepare the NMS medium. Growth of the strain on methanol was examined at 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 % (v/v) methanol.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A stable methane-utilizing mixed culture was established as described previously (Takeuchi et al, 2014). Strain S8 T was isolated from the mixed culture on plates made from NMS medium (Bowman, 2006), which was modified by replacing the distilled water and sodium nitrate with artificial seawater (Kester et al, 1967) and ammonium chloride, respectively, and then solidified by mixing with an equal volume of autoclaved gellan-gum solution (final concentration 1.5 %; Tamaki et al, 2005Tamaki et al, , 2009. The plates were then incubated under methane/air (20 : 80, v/v) in a desiccator at 35 uC.…”

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confidence: 99%

Methylocaldum marinum sp. nov., a thermotolerant, methane-oxidizing bacterium isolated from marine sediments, and emended description of the genus Methylocaldum

Takeuchi

Kamagata

Oshima

et al. 2014

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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Methylocaldum marinum sp. nov., a thermotolerant, methane-oxidizing bacterium isolated from marine sediments, and emended description of the genus Methylocaldum Genetic Research Section, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, the University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, JapanAn aerobic, methane-oxidizing bacterium (strain S8 T ) was isolated from marine sediments in Kagoshima Bay, Japan. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that this strain is closely related to members of the genus Methylocaldum (97.6-97.9 % similarity) within the class Gammaproteobacteria. Strain S8 T was a Gram-staining-negative, non-motile, coccoid or short rod-shaped organism. The temperature range for growth of strain S8 T was 20-47 6C (optimum growth at 36 6C). It required NaCl (.0.5 %), tolerated up to 5 % NaCl and utilized methane and methanol. The major cellular fatty acid and major respiratory quinone were C 16 : 0 and 18-methylene ubiquinone 8, respectively. The DNA G+C content was 59.7 mol%. Strain S8 T possessed mmoX, which encodes soluble methane monooxygenase, as well as pmoA, which encodes the particulate methane monooxygenase. On the basis of this morphological, physiological, biochemical and genetic information, the first marine species in the genus Methylocaldum is proposed, with the name Methylocaldum marinum sp. nov. The type strain is S8 T (5NBRC 109686 T 5DSM 27392 T ). An emended description of the genus Methylocaldum is also provided.The methane cycle in the ocean has been the subject of increased attention in recent years. It has been reported that methane is produced not only in anaerobic environments but also in aerobic environments such as the water at the surface of the ocean, possibly through the decomposition of methylphosphonate (Karl et al. 2008) or via methanogenesis (Grossart et al., 2011). On the seafloor, destabilization of methane hydrate due to changes in ocean temperature has been found to occur in the North American margin (Phrampus & Hornbach, 2012), possibly 3Present address: Faculty of Science, Toyama University, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-8555, Japan.4Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.Abbreviations: RuMP, ribulose monophosphate; sMMO, soluble methane monooxygenase.The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA, mmoX, pmoA and cbbL gene sequences of strain S8 T are AB894129, AB900160, AB900159 and AB922600, respectively.

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Preparation of Artificial Seawater1

Cited by 1,094 publications

References 1 publication

Reactions at surfaces in the atmosphere: integration of experiments and theory as necessary (but not necessarily sufficient) for predicting the physical chemistry of aerosols

Reactions at surfaces in the atmosphere: integration of experiments and theory as necessary (but not necessarily sufficient) for predicting the physical chemistry of aerosols

Planctomyces maris sp. nov.: a Marine Isolate of the Planctomyces-Blastocaulis Group of Budding Bacteria

Methylocaldum marinum sp. nov., a thermotolerant, methane-oxidizing bacterium isolated from marine sediments, and emended description of the genus Methylocaldum

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