Preparation of BMP-2/PDA-BCP Bioceramic Scaffold by DLP 3D Printing and its Ability for Inducing Continuous Bone Formation

Abstract

Digital light processing (DLP)-based 3D printing is suitable to fabricate bone scaffolds with small size and high precision. However, the published literature mainly deals with the fabrication procedure and parameters of DLP printed bioceramic scaffold, but lacks the subsequent systematic biological evaluations for bone regeneration application. In this work, a biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) macroporous scaffold was constructed by DLP-based 3D printing technique. Furthermore, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) was facilely incorporated into this scaffold through a facile polydopamine (PDA) modification process. The resultant scaffold presents an interconnected porous structure with pore size of ∼570 μm, compressive strength (∼3.6 MPa), and the self-assembly Ca-P/PDA nanocoating exhibited excellent sustained-release property for BMP-2. Notably, this BMP-2/PDA-BCP scaffold presents favorable effects on the adhesion, proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and mineralization of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Furthermore, in vivo experiments conducted on rats demonstrated that the scaffolds could induce cell layer aggregation adjacent to the scaffolds and continuous new bone generation within the scaffold. Collectively, this work demonstrated that the BMP-2/PDA-BCP scaffold is of immense potential to treat small craniofacial bone defects in demand of high accuracy.

Evaluation of cell adhesion and osteoconductivity in bone substitutes modified by polydopamine

“…The result of the quantitive osteoimage mineralization. The result was significant (*** p <.001) (reproduced content is open access- Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)) ( Yang et al, 2022 ).…”

Scaffold Fabrication Techniques of Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering: A Critical Review

“…Therefore, the CO 2 sintering method is preferred to fabricate cells containing a matrix with high viability. In 2020, Gils Jose et al performed in vitro and in vivo studies using sintered bone graft scaffolds made of nanohydroxyapatite and nanowhitlockite within poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres [ 142 ].…”

“…Reprinted with permission from Ref. [ 142 ], Copyright 2020, Frontiers (( A7 , B7 ) adapted from [ 143 ]), ( C7 ) CLIP. Reprinted with permission from Ref.…”

Review on vat photopolymerization additive manufacturing of bioactive ceramic bone scaffolds

“…The principle behind DLP involves projecting a pattern of light onto a liquid resin, which solidifies layer by layer to form the desired object. [40][41][42][43] In DLP, a light source, typically a high-intensity lamp or LED, emits light that passes through a color filter to create a monochromatic light. This light is then directed towards the DMD, which consists of an array of tiny mirrors that can be individually tilted.…”