Scaffold Fabrication Techniques of Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering: A Critical Review

Bhushan, Sakchi; Singh, Sandhya; Maiti, Tushar Kanti; Sharma, Chhavi; Dutt, Dharm; Sharma, Shubham; Li, Changhe; Eldin, Sayed M.

doi:10.3390/bioengineering9120728

Cited by 39 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 219 publications

(180 reference statements)

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“…The ability to fabricate components with complex parts and customizable material properties is one of the most important advantages of these technologies, allowing for the production of complex functional objects from multiple materials unattainable with conventional manufacturing methods [ 5 ]. The modern approaches to fabricate bone constructs via AM provide a favourable environment for bone regeneration [ 6 ]. Different AM technologies are currently used for the fabrication of parts from metallic fine powders, for instance: Selective Laser Melting (SLM) [ 7 ], Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) [ 8 ], Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) [ 9 ], Electron Beam Melting (EBM) [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Titanium Lattice Structures Produced via Additive Manufacturing for a Bone Scaffold: A Review

Distefano

Pasta

2023

JFB

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The progress in additive manufacturing has remarkably increased the application of lattice materials in the biomedical field for the fabrication of scaffolds used as bone substitutes. Ti6Al4V alloy is widely adopted for bone implant application as it combines both biological and mechanical properties. Recent breakthroughs in biomaterials and tissue engineering have allowed the regeneration of massive bone defects, which require external intervention to be bridged. However, the repair of such critical bone defects remains a challenge. The present review collected the most significant findings in the literature of the last ten years on Ti6Al4V porous scaffolds to provide a comprehensive summary of the mechanical and morphological requirements for the osteointegration process. Particular attention was given on the effects of pore size, surface roughness and the elastic modulus on bone scaffold performances. The application of the Gibson–Ashby model allowed for a comparison of the mechanical performance of the lattice materials with that of human bone. This allows for an evaluation of the suitability of different lattice materials for biomedical applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Titanium Lattice Structures Produced via Additive Manufacturing for a Bone Scaffold: A Review

Distefano

Pasta

2023

JFB

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“…This description is based on the following references. [16][17][18][19][20][21] 2.1.1. Solvent Casing/Particle Leaching Solvent casting/particle leaching is one of the most common methods to prepare porous scaffolds with interconnection networks.…”

Section: Conventional Fabrication Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomimetic Bilayered Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering: From Current Design Strategies to Medical Applications

Bertsch

Maréchal

Gribova

et al. 2023

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Tissue damage due to cancer, congenital anomalies, and injuries needs new efficient treatments that allow tissue regeneration. In this context, tissue engineering shows a great potential to restore the native architecture and function of damaged tissues, by combining cells with specific scaffolds. Scaffolds made of natural and/or synthetic polymers and sometimes ceramics play a key role in guiding cell growth and formation of the new tissues. Monolayered scaffolds, which consist of uniform material structure, are reported as not being sufficient to mimic complex biological environment of the tissues. Osteochondral, cutaneous, vascular, and many other tissues all have multilayered structures, therefore multilayered scaffolds seem more advantageous to regenerate these tissues. In this review, recent advances in bilayered scaffolds design applied to regeneration of vascular, bone, cartilage, skin, periodontal, urinary bladder, and tracheal tissues are focused on. After a short introduction on tissue anatomy, composition and fabrication techniques of bilayered scaffolds are explained. Then, experimental results obtained in vitro and in vivo are described, and their limitations are given. Finally, difficulties in scaling up production of bilayer scaffolds and reaching the stage of clinical studies are discussed when multiple scaffold components are used.

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“…The limitation to this method is that the connectivity between pores is not adequate. The surface of the biomaterials formed are not porous due to the formation of bubbles [35]. (f) Solvent casting: Solvent casting is a semantically uncomplicated method for the fabrication of porous biomaterials in the context of BTE.…”

Section: Production Of 3d Systems Used For Delivery Of Dexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of a solvent (porogen) which later evaporates to form polymeric networks due to the polymer-porogen network. The use of this method is limited due to its inability to control the size of the pore [35]. (g) Freeze drying: Free drying is a technique that makes use of lyophilization for the fabrication of polymeric scaffolds.…”

Section: Production Of 3d Systems Used For Delivery Of Dexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dexamethasone release pattern via a three-dimensional system for effective bone regeneration

Channey,

Holkar,

Kale

et al. 2023

Biomed. Mater.

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Dexamethasone (DEX) has been used for bone regenerative and anti-inflammatory purposes for over a decade. It has also shown promise for inducing bone regeneration by using it as a component of osteoinductive differentiation medium, particularly for in vitro culture models. Despite its osteoinductive properties, its use is limited due to its associated cytotoxicity, mainly when used at higher concentrations. DEX has adverse effects when taken orally; thus, it's best to use it in a targeted manner. Even when given locally, the pharmaceutical should be distributed in a controlled manner based on the needs of the wounded tissue. However, because drug activity is assessed in two-dimensional (2D) circumstances and the target tissue is a three-dimensional (3D) structure, assessing DEX activity and dosage in a 3D milieu is critical for bone tissue development. The current review examines the advantages of a 3D approach over traditional 2D culture methods and delivery devices for controlled DEX delivery, particularly for bone repair. Further, this review explores the latest advancement and challenges in biomaterial-based therapeutic delivery approaches for bone regeneration. This review also discusses possible future biomaterial-based strategies to study efficient DEX delivery.

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Scaffold Fabrication Techniques of Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering: A Critical Review

Cited by 39 publications

References 219 publications

Titanium Lattice Structures Produced via Additive Manufacturing for a Bone Scaffold: A Review

Titanium Lattice Structures Produced via Additive Manufacturing for a Bone Scaffold: A Review

Biomimetic Bilayered Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering: From Current Design Strategies to Medical Applications

Dexamethasone release pattern via a three-dimensional system for effective bone regeneration

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