Preparation of cation exchange filament for 3D membrane print

Abstract

<jats:sec> <jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Purpose</jats:title> <jats:p>This paper aims to focus on the preparation of a cation exchange filament for three-dimensional (3D) fused deposition modeling (FDM). The polymeric binder was mixed with the selected conventional cation exchange resin and a filament was prepared using a mini extruder. Filaments were tested by mechanical properties, chemical properties, quality and melt flow index. Samples were prepared from granulate using a press, which were tested for electrochemical properties, thermal properties. The best result of ion exchange capacity (IEC) up to 3.0 meq/g of the dry matter was achieved with filament fill 65%. Permselectivity results above 90% were determined for 55%–65% filling of the cation exchanger. The results obtained are a promising step for the preparation of 3D printed cation exchange membranes (CEMs) with a defined structure.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Design/methodology/approach</jats:title> <jats:p>The prepared granulates and filaments were evaluated using mechanical, rheological and thermal properties.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Findings</jats:title> <jats:p>The prepared cation exchange filament can be used for the 3D printing process. The best result of IEC up to 3.0 meq/g of the dry matter was achieved with filament fill 65%. Permselectivity results above 90% were determined for 55%–65% filling of the cation exchanger, and area resistances 3.0 Ocm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> and specific resistances around 57 Ocm for 65% filling of the cation exchanger. The results obtained are a promising step for the preparation of 3D printed CEMs with a defined structure.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Originality/value</jats:title> <jats:p>The prepared cation exchange filament. Using new materials for 3D print of cation exchange membrane. Production without waste. The possibility of producing 3D membranes with a precisely defined structure. Processing prepared filaments using a cheap FDM 3D printing method. New direction of membrane formation.</jats:p> </jats:sec>

Smart 3D Printed Hydrogel Skin Wound Bandages: A Review

“…Furthermore, 3D printing of hydrogels exhibits some compelling features. H. Baniasadi et al reported 3D printed hydrogels that showed a very high porosity with open and interconnected pores which allowed for a high-water uptake capacity (up to 1600%) [ 171 ]. Composite 3D-printed materials open options for skin wound dressing applications due to their mechanical strength that is comparable to that of soft tissues.…”

“…Composite 3D-printed materials open options for skin wound dressing applications due to their mechanical strength that is comparable to that of soft tissues. Drug-loaded dressings demonstrated controlled and efficient delivery of the antioxidant, ascorbic acid, in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 23 °C, where 80% of the loaded drug was released within 8 h [ 171 ]. The experimental findings indicated a correlation among shrinkage, porosity, pore size, and the swelling ratio of the dressings.…”