Preparation of functionalised UiO‐66 metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) nanoparticles using deep eutectic solvents as a benign medium

Abstract

UiO-66 nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by the solvothermal method using deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and compared to those prepared using the traditional solvent, dimethylformamide. A mixture of choline chloride:glycerol with a molar ratio of 1:2 was used as a green solvent to prepare the NPs. SEM, a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, zeta potential, N 2 adsorption/desorption, and surface area characterisations were used to characterise the NPs. Results showed that the NPs formed in the DES had a smaller size but the lower surface area and functionalised with new chemical groups due to the DES effect. Also, the modified metal-organic frameworks surface area increased by increasing the incubation time but decreased by increasing the temperature.

UiO-66@Fe3O4 nanocomposite as an adsorbent in dispersive solid phase extraction of metformin in surface water and wastewater

“…The magnetite (figure 2(a)) showed a uniformly spherical shape of the ferrous-ferric oxide nanoparticles similar to the one reported by [46]. The UiO-66 (figure 2(b)) showed cubic shapes with less aggregation due to the high viscosity of the DES [33], which was in agreement with the one reported by [32]. The nanocomposite (figure 2(c)) shows that the Fe 3 O 4 did not change the morphology of UiO-66 considerably.…”

“…The mixture was heated at 80 °C and stirred using a stirrer bar until a clear colourless solution was formed. The mixture was transferred into a well-sealed container to avoid contamination from moisture [33].…”

“…As reported in the literature, the UiO-66 was prepared using the solvothermal method [33] and the Deep Eutectic Solvent was used as a solvent. The molar ratio of 1:1:1:100 of zirconium chloride (ZrCl 4 ), terephthalic acid (BDC), water (H 2 O), and DES was prepared and stirred.…”

“…The produced UiO-66 was washed and centrifuged using deionised water three times to remove the synthesis residue from the material. Finally, the UiO-66 was kept at 80 °C overnight under vacuum conditions [33].…”

Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Inorganic Materials Using Environmentally Friendly Media

“…Furthermore, ChCl:EG was used as a carrier and disperser for SiO 2 @Fe 3 O 4 (silica-coated magnetite) ferrofluids selective for Meloxicam [ 103 ], to electrodeposit Ni-Al nanocomposite coatings from NiCl 2 and aluminum dispersions [ 104 ], to synthesize platinum hollow-opened structures with enhanced performance in the electro-chemical oxidation of methanol [ 105 ], and as a solvent for assembling Ag nanoparticles onto copper substrates [ 106 ]. Glyceline was employed in the solvothermal preparation of functionalized metal-organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles containing zirconium [ 107 ], to immobilize Pd nanoparticles [ 108 ], and to deposit ZnO in situ on graphene sheets [ 109 ]. However, the real novelty of the last period consisted, as stated above, in the very large increase in the use of many new and alternative mixtures, often including biomolecules of natural origin.…”