Preparation of highly cross-linked, monodisperse poly(methyl methacrylate) microspheres by dispersion polymerization; Part II. Semi-continuous processes

Lee, Ki Chang; Lee, Sang-Yun

doi:10.1007/bf03218520

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This finding can be explained by the formation of more crosslinked nuclei, which exhibit more difficulties in growing by monomer swelling than the relatively not crosslinked or less crosslinked nuclei. As previously discussed in the literature, the swelling process in water is generally more difficult when the particles are more crosslinked …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Engineering of new crosslinked near-infrared fluorescent polyethylene glycol bisphosphonate nanoparticles for bone targeting

Gluz

Grinberg

Corem-Salkmon

et al. 2013

J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem.

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Bisphosphonates (BPs) are nonhydrolysable pyrophosphate analogs with high affinity to hydroxyapatite (HAP, bone mineral) and are mainly used for treatment of various bone diseases. In this study, we designed and prepared crosslinked BP nanoparticles by dispersion copolymerization of three monomers: methacrylate PEG bisphosphonate, N-(3-aminopropyl) methacrylamide, and tetra(ethylene glycol) diacrylate. The size and size distribution of these PEG-BP nanoparticles were controlled by changing various polymerization parameters. These BP particles possess dual functionality: covalent attachment of a dye (e.g., near IR fluorescent dye) or drug to the nanoparticles through the primary amine groups belonging to the aminopropyl methacrylamide monomeric units and chelation to the bone mineral HAP through the BP groups belonging to the methacrylate PEG bisphosphonate monomeric units, for enhanced long term bone-targeted imaging and therapy applications. Body distribution of the optimal crosslinked BP nanoparticles was tested on a chicken embryo model via intravenous administration. This study indicated that the fluorescence intensity of the all organs (e.g., blood, spleen, liver, kidney, and heart) except the bones decreased significantly within 48 h (p < 0.05) while that of the bones hardly changed over that time (p > 0.05).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Engineering of new crosslinked near-infrared fluorescent polyethylene glycol bisphosphonate nanoparticles for bone targeting

Gluz

Grinberg

Corem-Salkmon

et al. 2013

J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem.

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“…To further validate the contribution of kinetic parameters on the morphology of ZPPs, the influence of the crosslinking agent, DVB, was investigated. Having two reactive sites, the crosslinking agent accelerates the polymerization rate and viscosity in the growing monomer-swollen micelles [ 33 , 34 ]. The TEM images in Figure 4 A–C reveal the morphologies of the ZPPs containing ZnO NPs in PS made from 1, 5, and 10% DVB.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Control of Structured ZnO Polymeric Nanoparticles through Miniemulsion Polymerization: Kinetic and UV Shielding Effects

2021

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Zinc oxide polymeric nanoparticles (ZPPs) of poly (styrene-co-acrylic acid) P(St/AA), containing oleic acid modified zinc oxide nanoparticles (OA-ZnO NPs), were synthesized via miniemulsion polymerization. By simply adjusting the quantity of reactants, i.e., sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant, potassium persulfate (KPS) initiator, and divinyl benzene (DVB) crosslinking agent, the location of ZnO NPs were altered from the inner (core) to the outer (shell), leading to core-shell and Pickering-like morphologies, respectively. The Pickering-like ZPPs were obtained when using SDS at below or equal to the critical micelle concentration (CMC). At above the CMC, the complete encapsulation of OA-ZnO NPs within the ZPPs depicted a kinetically controlled morphology. The transition to Pickering-like ZPPs also occurred when reducing the KPS from 2 to 0.5–1%. Whereas the DVB accelerated the polymerization rate and viscosity in the growing monomer-swollen nanodroplets and, hence, contributed to kinetic parameters on particle morphology, i.e., an increase in the DVB content increased the rate of polymerization. A hollow structure was obtained by replacing styrene with the more hydrophilic monomer, i.e., methyl methacrylate. All ZPPs-incorporated poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films greatly improved shielding performance over the UV region and were relatively transparent on a white paper background. Due to the large number of ZnO NPs in the central region and, hence, the ease of electron transfer, composite films containing core-shell ZPPs possessed the highest UV blocking ability. ZnO NPs in the outer part of the hollow and Pickering-like ZPPs, on the other hand, facilitated the multiple light scattering according to the difference of refractive indices between the inorganic shell and organic/air core. These results confirm the advantage of structured ZPPs and their potential use as transparent UV shielding fillers.

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“…More aggregates weref ound in reactions where Composition Iw as applied; however,t he average diameter of the isolable microspheres was larger in this case. [19] Effect of the concentration of the spherical stabilizer As the higher temperature has ab eneficial influence on the polymerization, the effect of the molar ratio of PVP40 to the monomer (GMA) was investigated at 65 8C. We changed the amount of PVP40 between 1a nd 4wt% (compared with the reactionm ixture, see Table S2 in the Supporting Information), and the average diameter of the microspheres increased when the amount of applied PVP40 was decreased ( Figure 1).…”

Section: Effect Of Temperature and Composition On The Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Applications of Cinchona Squaramide‐Modified Poly(Glycidyl Methacrylate) Microspheres as Recyclable Polymer‐Grafted Enantioselective Organocatalysts

Nagy

Fehér

Kárpáti

et al. 2020

Chemistry A European J

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This work presentst he immobilization of cinchona squaramide organocatalysts on poly(glycidyl methacrylate) solid supports. Preparation of the well-definedm onodisperse polymer microspheres was facilitated by comprehensive parameter optimization.B ye xploiting the reactive epoxy groups of the polymer support,t hree amino-functionalized cinchonad erivatives were immobilized on this carrier. To explore the effect of the amino linker,t heses tructurally variedp recatalysts were synthesized by modifying the cinchonas keleton at different positions. The catalytic activities of the immobilized organocatalysts were tested in the Michaela dditiono fp entane-2,4-dione and trans-b-nitrostyrene with excellent yields(up to 98 %) and enantioselectivities (up to 96 % ee). Finally,t he catalysts were easily recovered five times by centrifugationwithout loss of activity.

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Preparation of highly cross-linked, monodisperse poly(methyl methacrylate) microspheres by dispersion polymerization; Part II. Semi-continuous processes

Cited by 24 publications

References 28 publications

Engineering of new crosslinked near-infrared fluorescent polyethylene glycol bisphosphonate nanoparticles for bone targeting

Engineering of new crosslinked near-infrared fluorescent polyethylene glycol bisphosphonate nanoparticles for bone targeting

Facile Control of Structured ZnO Polymeric Nanoparticles through Miniemulsion Polymerization: Kinetic and UV Shielding Effects

Synthesis and Applications of Cinchona Squaramide‐Modified Poly(Glycidyl Methacrylate) Microspheres as Recyclable Polymer‐Grafted Enantioselective Organocatalysts

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